12 Easy Steps to a Successful Job Interview

MLK - I have a Dream essays

MLK - I have a Dream papers Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream conveys a ground-breaking message driven by dreams of fellowship and equity. The discourse not just interests to similar dreams shared by his audience members yet in addition to their feeling of reason and understanding that they will probably right and evident wrong. Through various analogies and chronicled references, Dr. Lord can make a mixing and enthusiastic discourse sure to draw out the best in all who hear it out. Lord puts forth an admirable attempt to draw legitimate correlations between the Negros predicament and, for goodness' sake, banking. By doing this, Dr. Lord can disentangle what could be interpreted as an intricate contention into the essential procedure of cash(ing) a check. In any case, in the Kings discourse, the individual giving out the check is America and, a lot to his and the Negro people groups discontent, the check is being returned for lacking assets. Lord accepts that once the check can be liquidated, the Negro individuals will have the option to request the wealth of opportunity and security of equity. Ruler keeps on making more analogies when he starts to draw examinations among opportunity and nature. Ruler accepts that that dark individuals should ascend from the dull and barren valley of isolation to the sunlit way of racial equity. This is an intrigue to those not in the battle to ascend and start requesting equity. Nobody ought to need to live their lives in a ruined valley but instead should get away from the sand traps of racial foul play and climb the strong stone of fellowship. Lord even proceeds to portray the racial atmosphere as a boiling summer which won't go to harvest time until opportunity and uniformity are there for all to share. This can be viewed as a notice to the developments resistance that, indeed, the Negro individuals are chafed and will battle, however calmly, until equity has poured down acros... <!

Do Reverse Mortgages Target the Elderly

Do Reverse Mortgages Target the Elderly Do Reverse Mortgages Target the Elderly? Do Reverse Mortgages Target the Elderly?A reverse mortgage can be a helpful financial solution for older Americans, but you need to know how they work before you agree to take one out.It’s still May and that means it’s Older Americans Month! It’s everyone’s favorite month to read about financial issues that face the elderly. That’s why today we’ll be talking about reverse mortgages.You may have heard about reverse mortgages. Maybe you were looking online for a way to supplement an elderly relative’s income or you were just watching the Game Show Network during the day.So what exactly is a reverse mortgage? Is it a recurring villain of the DC Comics superhero “The Mortgage?” No, you’re thinking of Flash and Reverse Flash. And unlike Reverse Flash, reverse mortgages seem to be advertised towards the elderly.Is this because it’s a scam that targets the elderly? Actually, the answer to that question is a resounding NO. But a reverse mortgage can be a big decision an d you or an elderly relative should learn all of the necessary details before considering signing on to one.Which brings us to our first question What is a reverse mortgage?The first rule of signing things is to never sign something unless you know what it is. (The second rule? Never use green ink.)“A reverse mortgage is a loan,” explained author and attorney M. Reese Everson. “95 percent of all reverse mortgages are Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM), sponsored by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (aka the government). When senior citizens own a home free and clear and have paid off their mortgage (or only have a small mortgage balance left) they are eligible to take out a HUD-backed reverse mortgage loan.The senior citizen can request to receive the money as a lump sum payment spread out over a monthly basis, or on an occasional basis through a line of credit. With the loan, the homeowner is borrowing against the equity in their home. T he collateral for the loan is their home.”So whereas a regular mortgage, allows you to gradually gain equity (or ownership) in a house over time, a reverse mortgage is giving up some equity in exchange for cash.A good choice for some.As Everson mentioned, only senior citizens are legally able to access reverse mortgages. That’s why you’ll only see them advertised to the elderly. And depending on an elderly person’s situation, it could be a good option for them.“Reverse mortgages dont ‘target the elderly.’” clarified reverse mortgage specialist Greg Cook. “Only homeowners 62 and older are eligible for the program. It is one of the most highly regulated loan programs available. Its not a scam.“The homeowner borrows money against the equity in their home. They are charged an interest rate but, unlike traditional forward mortgages, a monthly payment is not required. The borrowed funds plus interest are repaid when the homeowner passes away or otherwise leaves the hom e. A reverse mortgage does not affect their ability to bequeath the home to their heirs. Like any other loan, the reverse mortgage has to be repaid when that is done.“A reverse mortgage can be a good idea but it is not for everyone. HUD requires that prospective borrowers complete a homebuyer education taught by a certified HUD counselor prior to applying for a loan.“The FHA mortgage not only protects the lender but also protects the borrower and their estate. It is a non-recourse loan so if the home is worth less than the outstanding balance on the mortgage there is no residual liability to the estate. If the home is worth more than the loan balance, the heirs can sell the home and are entitled to the remaining equity.”Reverse mortgages also come with additional flexibility.“The greatest advantage is the range of options a reverse mortgage can provide,” explained Jennifer Harder, Founder CEO of Jennifer Harder Mortgage Brokers. “Payouts can be in the form of monthly pa yments, a lump sum or a line of credit. You can qualify even if you are still paying a traditional mortgage and the funds can be used at your discretion for whatever purpose you wish.”But not for others.As with any loan, you should do as much research possible before signing anything. Or before your elderly friend or relative signs anything, if you’re assisting them. You need to be certain it’s the right choice for their particular circumstances.“When shopping for a reverse mortgage, consumers should be aware that the interest rates on this type of loan are higher than others, and as that interest adds up over the years, the equity you hold on your home may decline,” warned Harder. “However, you dont have to make regular payments or pay tax on the money borrowed. This type of mortgage will also not affect Old Age Security or Guaranteed Income Supplement benefits you may receive, which could be why they are seen as being ‘elderly friendly.’ While it does reduce their monthly cost of living, the upfront costs can be much higher.“Consumers should also be aware of the fees, interest rates, and penalties that may be associated with a reverse mortgage. For example, you may incur a penalty if you sell your home within a certain period of time or the loan may end up being higher than the value of your home when it comes time to repay.”You should also be certain you’re working with a trustworthy reverse mortgage lender. You don’t want anyone who will try to pressure you or your elder relative into making a decision. As with any lender, only work with someone who is willing to be open and answer all of your questions in a straightforward manner without trying to push you into signing something you may be uncomfortable with.Reverse mortgages are an option with pros and cons. Whether they’re the right option will depend on your specific scenario.  To learn more about managing your finances in old age, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Tips for Managing Your Money in Old AgeWill Post-Retirement Income Affect Your Social Security?Rocky Mountain High-Waisted Pants: What Are the Best States for Retirement?6 Ways to Earn Extra Money After You’ve RetiredDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsGreg Cook (@gregcook47) has been a licensed loan originator since 1981 and moved exclusively to reverse mortgages in 2016. He elected to focus on reverse mortgages because as a baby boomer himself, he felt he better understood the challenges facing seniors in preparing for a 20-30 year retirement. Looking out for his clients best interest has always been his primary goal as a loan officer. Taking out a reverse mortgage can be a retirement changing decision. He takes that responsibility seriously.Attorney M. Reese Everson  is a second-time author of her soon to be released book, “The B.A.B.E.’S Guide to Gener ational Wealth,”which details hard-earned life lessons with wealth building and inheritance, including taking out $100,000 in student loan debt, graduating during the Great Recession, trying to undo her grandmother’s reverse mortgage and being the target of inheritance theft. M. Reese Everson is formerly the Principal Attorney for the Everson Law Group. The Everson Law Group specialized in Corporate, Municipal, Real Estate and Asset Protection. M. Reese Everson began her legal career as American Bar Associate Fellow on behalf of the Nevada Attorney General’s office. In this role, M. Reese Everson was entrusted to assert Nevada’s right to share a $173M damages settlement from a multi-state class action lawsuit. M. Reese Everson’s proven legal expertise propelled her to be recruited by senior United States Congressional officials to serve as Legislative Counsel to some of the most senior elected members of the United States Congress.  M. Reese Everson used her legal skills on behalf of the House Financial Services Committee’s Capital Market and Government Sponsored Enterprises staff, where she also spearheaded a policy conference addressing the student loan debt crisis with world-renowned financial guru, Suze Orman. Ms. Everson received her Bachelor of Arts degree in International Relations from Michigan State University and holds a Juris Doctor and Certificate in International Law from DePaul University College of Law. She is a member of the Illinois Bar.Jennifer Harder (@JenniferHarder4) is a mortgage broker with over 30 years of management and sales experience. Throughout her mortgage career, Jennifer has helped hundreds of clients solve their financial challenges. Her motto is to focus on the clients needs above all else.

Ankle Sprain in Volleyball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2927 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Volleyball Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Volleyball is a very safe sport, even at the highest levels of play 1. Indeed, when compared with other team sports played at Olympic Games in Athens 2 and London 3, volleyball shows the lowest injury incidence rate. Incidence of time-loss injuries in volleyball during match play is 3.8/1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.5), with higher incidence among senior players and without differences among sexes Regardless of the sex or level of play, the most frequent injury in volleyball is ankle sprain 4-6, accounting for 25.9% of all acute time loss injuries in volleyball 1,7. Recent literature review 8 has shown that overall incidence of ankle injuries per 1000 player hours is 0.9 – 1.0, while match and training incidence is 1.7 and 0.8 injuries/1000 player hours, respectively. The authors 8 have also shown that match injuries are more frequent in men (2.6/1000 player hours) compared with women (0.7/1000 player hours). Most ankle sprains in volleyball occur in the conflict zone around the net following the landing from a vertical jump 4,9. In particular, half of all ankle sprains in volleyball are related to landing from blocking, and approximately one third to spiking 10,11. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ankle Sprain in Volleyball" essay for you Create order While epidemiology and injury mechanisms of ankle sprain in volleyball are well documented, there is a surprising lack of data regarding the potential risk factors. Data from prospective epidemiological studies have shown that the most commonly described and consistent risk factors for ankle sprains in volleyball are previous ankle injury 6,12 and body mass index 13,14. From functional point of view, decreased lower extremity neuromuscular control could be associated with increased risk for ankle sprain in volleyball 15. In an observational case-control study, Suda and Sacco 15 reported decreased peroneus longus activity before ground impact in volleyball players with chronic ankle instability. Furthermore, van den Doers et al. 16 have prospectively studied the association of landing control with the risk of ankle sprains in a group of volleyball, basketball, and korfball players, and concluded that poor landing stability in the forward and diagonal jump direction, and landing techni que with a greater ankle dorsiflexion moment are significant risk factors for ankle sprain. These findings are not surprising, given that many ankle sprains occur during landing from a jump. Finally, there is evidence that greater strength of the plantar flexors may predict an ankle sprain in volleyball players 17,18. This finding may be explained with the increased vertical jump height in players with greater plantar flexor strength and subsequent problems during landing following such jump 18. This could be especially evident in male volleyball players that predominantly use single leg landing strategy in comparison with female volleyball players 19. Indeed, previous studies have shown that plantar flexors strength contributes significantly to the vertical jump height 20. However, the contribution of knee extensors (quadriceps) strength to the vertical jump height is even higher 21. It is, therefore, possible that quadriceps strength, as well as jumping performance, are also associated with the risk of ankle injuries in volleyball. In addition, due to unilateral landing strategy, bilateral asymmetry in quadriceps strength could also be linked to risk of ankle sprains i n male volleyball. To our best knowledge, no study has attempted to investigate these conjectures. The purpose of this study was to prospectively establish the association between leg extensor strength and power qualities (i.e. isokinetic quadriceps strength, bilateral quadriceps strength asymmetry, and vertical jump performance), and the risk of ankle sprains in male volleyball players. Material and methods This was a prospective epidemiological study. Male volleyball players (N=99) from Slovenian national league were recruited to participate in the study. Prior to the start of the volleyball season, all the participants completed a preseason questionnaire (including data about the previous ankle injuries) and underwent anthropometric measurements, vertical jump testing, and a bilateral isokinetic evaluation of the quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H). During the subsequent season the players reported through a weekly questionnaire any acute time loss ankle sprain that has occurred. Male volleyball players from Slovenian 1st and 2nd national league volunteered to participate in the study. Main inclusion criteria were: age ? 18 years, regular participation in volleyball training at least 3 times per week, no major injuries upon entry into the study (injuries that would demand more than 4 weeks to return to play) and absence of all general contraindications for isokinetic strength testing of the knee. National Medical Ethics Committee (no. 63/07/12) has approved the study. We assessed body height and body mass using a stadiometer and scale (models 222 and 762, respectively; Seca Instruments Ltd, Hamburg, Germany) and skinfolds using Harpenden skinfold calipers (Holtain Ltd, Crosswell, Crymych, United Kingdom). From 7 skinfold measures, we calculated the body fat percentage using a Jackons Pollock formula 22. The same experienced examiner performed all testing. Players from the same volleyball club were tested on the same day. A day prior to testing no practice was allowed. Each testing session started with a warm up consisting of cycling for 6 minutes at moderate pace (100 W), followed by a 15 second stretch of Q and H. All participants were given a detailed explanation about the testing procedure, which was also demonstrated on an independent subject not participating in the study prior to testing. The height of the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) was tested using an Optojump system (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Briefly, each athlete started from an upright standing position, making a preliminary downward movement by flexing at the knees and hips, then immediately extending knees and hips again to jump vertically up off the ground. Athletes performed 3 repetitions of CMJ and the best result in cm was recorded as the main outcome measure. The Optojump is a dual beam optical device that measures contact and flight times during a series of jumps (or single jump). Flight time (tair) was used to calculate height of the rise of the bodys centre of gravity (height = (g Ãâ€" tair2)/8). The validity and reproducibility of VJ testing using Optojump device proved to be excellent 23. Testing was performed using Techno-Gym REV 9000 isokinetic dynamometer (TehcnoGym, SpA, Via G. Perticari 20, 47035 Gambet-Tola, Forli, Italy). Players were tested in sitting position. The axis of rotation of knee joint was identified through the lateral femoral condyle and aligned with the motor axis using a laser beam preinstalled into the head of dynamometer. A range of motion (ROM) of 60 ° was set from 30 ° to 90 ° knee flexion (full extension considered 0 °). In our previous study we have already shown that testing in short ROM yields same results as testing in the full ROM, while being much more suitable for the participants 24. Testing was performed at 60 °/s for both concentric and eccentric contraction modes for Q and H. Gravity error torque was recorded for every athlete. Prior to testing each participant performed 2 submaximal and 1 maximal repetition at a given velocity and mode of contraction. Each participant performed 5 maximal contractions in the following or der: (1) five consecutive concentric Q and H contractions followed by a 60s pause, (2) five eccentric Q contractions followed by a 60s pause, (3) five eccentric H contractions. When testing of one side was completed, a 3 minutes break followed during which the machine setting was changed to accommodate for the opposite leg. The first tested leg was assigned randomly for each athlete. There was consistent verbal coaching, and visual feedback was allowed throughout the testing. Following the preseason testing, club representatives were designated to register training load and injuries. Injury was defined as ankle sprain that occurs during training or match play and results in the immediate termination of play and inability to participate in the next training session or match 25. Injuries and training exposures were reported on a weekly basis. In case of an injury team physician and/or physical therapist was contacted to obtain full injury report form. All calculations were performed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Following the testing Q concentric (Qcon) and eccentric (Qecc) and H concentric (Hcon) and eccentric (Hecc) peak torque data (in Nm) were extracted and normalized for body weight and expressed as peak torque to body weight (in Nm/kg). We have also calculated the following strength ratios for each leg: conventional hamstring-quadriceps ratio (HQR; Hcon/Qcon), dynamic functional ratio (DFR; Hecc/Qcon), quadriceps (QEC) and hamstrings (HEC) eccentric to concentric ratio (Qecc/Qcon and Hecc/Hcon, respectively). It should be noted that, regardless of limb dominance, 90% of male volleyball players use right leg as take-off leg during attack jump 26. In that regard, bilateral strength asymmetry of Q and Q for each contraction type was calculated using the formula 1–(strength left side/strength right side) and expressed as a percentage. Bilateral strength asymmetry was defined as abnormal whe n the difference between the right and left Q and H strength exceeded 15% 27. All values were later on presented as mean  ± standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences among injured vs. uninjured players. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated for group differences in selected variables, and were interpreted as small (0.2), moderate (0.5), and large (0.8). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odd ratio for ankle sprain using bilateral strength asymmetry, CMJ height, and previous ankle sprain as independent predictors. A significance level of .05 was used for all tests. Results Main characteristics of the players are presented in Table 1. During the season, we have registered 19 ankle sprains (15 first time ankle sprains and 4 recurrences) among 99 players during 46 629 player hours, 40 887 hours of training and 5 643 hours of match play. The total (overall) ankle sprain incidence was 0.41 ±0.24 per 1000 hours of play, 0.46 ±0.19 during training and 3.37 ±1.15 during play. In logistic regression model previous ankle injury was not a significant risk factors (?2(1)=0.063, p=0.802; odd ratio 0.86; 95% CI: 0.25-2.89). Table 1 Countermovement jump height did not significantly differ (F=1.06, p=0.306; ES = 0.27) between players with (40.8 cm ? 6.9 cm) and without ankle sprain (38.7 cm ? 8.5 cm). Furthermore, in logistic regression model countermovement jump height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain (odd ratio: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94 – 1.19, p=0.393). Strength of Q and H and calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry in players with and without ankle sprain are presented in Table 2. The players with ankle sprain had significantly higher right Q strength in comparison with healthy players (2.90 Nm/kg vs. 2.66 Nm/kg; F=4.95, p=0.028; ES = 0.63). Consequently, players with ankle sprain also had a lower HQR (0.56 vs. 0.62; F=5.12, p=0.026; ES = 0.63) and higher Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side (6.63% vs. -4.36%; F=5.12, p=0.024; ES = 0.68) (Table 2). In logistic regression model, bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain with odd ratio 0.956 (95% CI 0.919-0.995, p=0.026; B= -.045). Furthermore, when we introduced a proposed normative cut off value for Q strength of 2.7 Nm/kg that was calculated from a previous study28 that included only healthy volleyball players without a history of ankle sprain, we observed that 95% confidence interval of right Q strength in players who have sustained an ankle sprain was above that cut off value (Figure 1). Calculated sensitivity and specificity of such cut off to discriminate between players with and without future ankle sprain was 68% and 53%, respectively. Table 2 Figure 1 Discussion The major findings of the current study were: (i) previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain; (ii) albeit somewhat higher in the injured group (ES = 0.27), CMJ height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; (iii) bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; and (iv) injured players had higher right concentric Q strength, higher bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side, and lower HQR on the right leg (ES = 0.63-0.68). Contrary to our findings, several previous studies reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain in volleyball (3, 34). Bahr Bahr (3) prospectively studied 272 male and female Norwegian volleyball players and reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain. In another prospective study, Verhagen et al. (34) followed 486 male and female players from the second and third Dutch national volleyball divisions during the whole season and reported that 75% of all players with an ankle sprain reported a previous ankle sprain. This discrepancy in findings between the current study and previous research could be related to the fact that we only studied male volleyball players, while both previous studies included male and female players. Another possible explanation could be related to markedly lower overall incidence of ankle sprains in the current study (0.41/1000 h) compared with previous studies (1.0/1000 h) (3, 34) . This relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study could result in low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors, and represents the limitation of our study. Nevertheless, our study yielded some new important findings related to Q function and ankle sprain risk in male volleyball. First, we observed that bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength, albeit not abnormal (?15%) in the tested sample (see Table 2), was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain. We also observed significant group differences of moderate magnitude in bilateral concentric Q strength asymmetry in favor of the right side in the injured group. In particular, the injured group had on average 6.6% higher right concentric Q strength, while the uninjured group displayed 4.4% higher left concentric Q strength, respectively. As there were no group differences in H strength, injured group also had significantly lower HQR of moderate magnitude. In order to explain these findings, we have (re) analysed the nature of the attack jump in volleyball (Figure 2). The players are usually performing attack jump following a three-step approach: left foot (short step) – right foot (long step) – left foot joins the right foot – push off for vertical jump. The second step where they plant a right foot on the ground is the longest one. When right foot is planted, the right knee goes into semi-flexion, while Q is being eccentrically loaded. The left foot than follows and shortly after the contact of the left foot with the ground (third step) the push off phase of jump is initiated. Right Q loading seems therefore longer in comparison to the left side, and is essential for a concentric part of the CMJ where explosive concentric Q strength is needed to push off the ground 29. We hypothesize that this might explain our finding regarding the importance of right Q strength. It has been shown that Q concentric strength expl ains up to 56% of vertical jump height 20; hence we might expect players with stronger Q to jump significantly higher. Considering the fact that male volleyball players land on one leg more frequently than females 19, we may also understand that landing safely from a jump is highly demanding neuromuscular task that requires proper strength of the whole kinematic chain involved. The fact that eccentric Q function and CMJ height were not significant risk factor for ankle sprain in the current study contradicts our conjecture, but could be related to previously mentioned low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors due to relatively low number of ankle sprains. Figure 2 The results of logistic regression suggest that decreasing the bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength for 1% could decrease the risk for ankle sprain (B= -.045) for 4% in male volleyball players. However, this simplistic strategy for prevention of ankle sprains in male volleyball could be misleading, given that the observed bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength was rather small (see previous paragraphs). Also, it does not take into account strength of H muscles. Indeed, in our previous study, we have shown that international-level volleyball players (playing at CEV Champion League and/or national team) had significantly stronger right concentric and eccentric H strength 28. It seems likely that high-level volleyball players are compensating higher right Q strength through increased reciprocal strength of H (antagonists) that may help amortization during landing. Hence, future intervention studies are needed to define the optimal strategy for prevention of ankle sprains i n male volleyball, taking into account function of Q and H muscles. Present results are also in concordance with results of previous study 18 where it was shown that higher plantar flexors strength is a significant predictor of ankle sprain. Furthermore, Lian and co-workers (REF) also observed that volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy had significantly higher jumping performance (take-off force in particular) compared with players without history of patellar tendinopathy. Overall, these results suggest that whole kinematic chain that contributes to the vertical jump height (performance) could also be important in the terms of lower-extremity injury risk (health). We have to acknowledge limitations of the current study. Aside from low incidence of ankle sprains leading to low statistical power, limitation of our study is related to the fact that we only analysed male volleyball players. As vertical jump technique is different for males and females 30, we cannot generalize our findings to female population. Finally, we have not analysed other possible functional risk factors (e.g. balance ability, neuromuscular coordination) that could contribute to the ankle sprain risk. Future studies should address these limitations. Conclusion In male volleyball, players with excessive concentric strength of the right Q, which leads to low H-Q strength ratio, and high bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of right side, could be at increased risk of ankle sprains. Previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain, possibly due to relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study. Although additional research is needed, our results suggest that volleyball coaches and specialists should put emphasis on eliminating players’ right Q dominance via contralateral Q strengthening, and well as ipsilateral concentric and eccentric H strengthening. Practical application Quadriceps strength asymmetry seems important risk factor for ankle sprain in volleyball Decreasing quadriceps asymmetry for 1% with unilateral strengthening will decrease risk for ankle sprain for 4%. Athletes will also benefit from concomitant concentric and eccentric hamstring strengthening. Acknowledgement This study was supported by Slovenian Research Agency through a project P5-0147.

Faith-Based Rehab Programs in Prison Essay - 1183 Words

Faith-based Rehabilitation Programs in Prisons Yashila Crowell JUS 510 Contemporary CJ Issues and Trends April 13, 2014 Professor Lacy Ellis Faith-based rehabilitation programs are support groups within the prison system that inmates can be a part of to encourage, support, stability, growth, life changing skills, and thinking. These programs can help assist inmates in adjusting to prison life while being incarcerated and it can also help them have a strong foundation upon their release. In addition, these programs can help give them a positive view of life and some type of structure once they are released back into society. There are many types of faith-based programs such as Prison Fellowship (PF), the Inner Change†¦show more content†¦A third type of faith-based program is the Three-Phase Program which was established by IFI and consists of three phases which are: spiritual and moral foundation, inmates value system in real life, and the last phase which is the reentry component. The first phase, spiritual and moral foundation, is the building blocks which the other two phases are based upon. The second phase, inmates value system in real life, sets the tone for incarcerated prisoners by teaching them life skills within the prison setting to prepare them how to adapt to society effectively adapt back into the community through productive and supportive relationships with family local churches, and the workplace. There are also faith-based programs that work in partnership with community-based programs. In 2001, President Bush created the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives and Centers for Faith-Based, and Community Initiatives (Centers). Since this time, there have been seven additional Centers created with the same goal as the two programs listed above. 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Society faces more financial liability with criminals that are incarcerated, and parolees that are multiply based on the sentencing laws countrywide. The changes that are made towards the sentencing laws have damaged rather than rebuild the probation system. For instance, producing an exploited of managing the system properly consequential which is lacking inRead MoreRelaxed Celebrity Sentencing5407 Words   |  22 Pageswould they have received the same reconsideration of judgment, would they have only served 14 days due to jail overcrowding? According to the Associated Press â€Å"An Orange County judge sentenced 73-year-old David L. Mackey Friday to 8 1/2 years in prison†, this was in response to him violating his probation terms. One would be inclined to agree that our justice system is lacking several key issues when it comes to fairness and in a lot of cases justice. As Lax Sentences Page 3 professionalsRead MoreCase110038 Words   |  41 PagesBoard of Directors commissioned two studies in 2004 to help them make $1 million in immediate cuts to the budget and, in addition, reassess their long-term organizational strategy. One study analyzed the costs and benefits of different Pine Street programs; the other analyzed the length of stay for each newcomer to the Pine Street shelter system over a year-long period. Both studies were useful, Downie said, but data from the latter would prove life-altering for the 40-year-old homeless shelter, locallyRead MoreBurning Down the House: Mortgage Fraud and the Destruction of Residential Neighborhoods11800 Words   |  48 Pageswas in excess of $1 million dollars, and in one, the perpetrator, who later fled the country, received $7 million in â€Å"profit† from the same-day flip of a mansion. 3 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, â€Å"Mortgage Loan Fraud: An Industry Assessment Based on Suspicious Activity Report Analysis,† November 2006 at 10. http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/reports/pdf/mortgage_fraud112006.pdf (accessed March 8, 2009). 4 See, e.g., â€Å"Due Diligence: The Growing Problem of Mortgage Fraud), CBC News, NovemberRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesHave a Shortage of Skilled Labor? 14 Why Do Organizations Lay Off Employees during Shortages? 15 How Do Organizations Balance Labor Supply? 15 Issues Contingent Workers Create for HRM 16 Continuous Improvement Programs 18 Work Process Engineering 19 How HRM Can Support Improvement Programs 19 How HRM Assists in Work Process Engineering 19 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 Learning Outcomes 28 Introduction 30 Why Is HRM Important to an Organization? 30 DID YOU KNOW?: A Management Recap

Example of Significance of the Study Free Essays

The study of dehydration technology and craft fabrication can be a learning paradigm in the secondary level and vocational schools to enhance the students’ knowledge and entrepreneurial skills as well. This is but a small contribution with the Dakar Framework for Action (2000) that not only basic education be learned by today’s students but acquisition of learning skills and knowledge for gainful employment and full participation in country’s society. The project’s goal is designed to help students improve academic competence, develop employability skills, implement a career plan and participate in a career pathway in preparation for post secondary education or careers in the food manufacturing or services sector after graduating from high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of Significance of the Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now This goal can be achieved through the mentors that can teach the students the food dehydration technology and craft fabrication for use of the process. The output of this study is a source material that the teachers can assimilate and disseminate by diffusion and induction technique. SAMPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Significance of the study This section will provide brief description on the various significances of the study given the three categories Educational, Technological and Economic. To students. The proposed study serves the students as their reference or guide in creating their program. It will also help students taking computer related courses to identify the best programming language to use. To teachers. The proposed study will help teachers to have a deeper understanding to the said programming languages. By this study they will come up with easier and powerful program. To future researcher. The proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as their guide. The study can also open in development of this study. How to cite Example of Significance of the Study, Papers

There Is A Cure Essay Research Paper free essay sample

There Is A Cure Essay, Research Paper There is an epidemic in our state, and it is turning stronger daily. Person is non being allowed to populate her/ his life to the fullest grade because of this disease. Its traits can be found in every metropolis, town, and province across the state. No, this epidemic is non AIDS or malignant neoplastic disease: nevertheless, if left entirely, its long term effects can be merely as damaging. The name of the epidemic is censoring, and last twelvemonth, the figure of censoring instances in the school systems across America reached a new high because certain involvement groups feel they know what is best for pupils to think. The censoring of academic stuffs must be banned because no group has the right to enforce its thoughts of political relations, morality, or faith to a group of pupils who have the right to inform themselves on all topics and to exert their ain sense of ground. We will write a custom essay sample on There Is A Cure Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8220 ; The unfairnesss of censoring were in full force at least every bit early as 1644, the twelvemonth English author John Milton wrote his celebrated Areopagitica to support freedom of the imperativeness # 8221 ; ( Tax 154 ) . Last twelvemonth entirely, there were more cases of school censoring than any twelvemonth since 1982 ( Clark 171 ) . The most challenged books cover with the undermentioned topics: sex, feminism, adolescent defiance, AIDS, homosexualism, the negative Afro-american experience, and non-Christian point of views. The overpowering bulk of book expostulations come from parents in the community who have no authorization on what should be censored and what should non be censored ( Clark 54 ) . Deanna Duby, manager of educational policy for the American Way, expects censoring to be on the rise in the hereafter. ( Solin 98 ) . The cardinal intent of schools is to let everyone to hold the chance to larn, Therefore, whenever a school system denies a pupil stuffs because of censoring, that school system is moving against its original intent. School libraries are a distinctively American establishment, invented to see that deficiency of money to purchase books would neer intend that anyone was denied the opportunity to larn. # 8220 ; The American Library Association has long believed that it is the duty of libraries to supply to the public widest scope of stuffs # 8221 ; ( Opp. Views. 141 ) . It is right to expose kids to the failings of our society and promote them to better society. Students should be taught objectively in order for them to do indifferent determinations. That is why it is in the public involvement for publishing houses and bibliothecs to do available the widest diverseness of positions and looks, including those which are irregular or unpopular with the bulk. The school systems do non necessitate to back every thought or presentation in the stuff they make available. It would conflict with the public involvement for them to set up their ain political, moral, or aesthetic positions as a criterion for finding what stuffs should be published or circulated. Educational establishments serve their educational intent by assisting to do available cognition and thoughts required for the growing of the head and the addition of larning. They do non further instruction by enforcing themselves as wise mans for forms of their ain idea. It is incorrect that what one adult male can read should be confined to what another thinks proper. What is obscene to one individual may simply be tiresome to another ( Alpert 66 ) . Therefore, if we were to ban every book that person found obscene, so there would be nil left to read. Censoring violates our cardinal rights and our sense of self-respect. Parents have a right to find what their ain kids read, but non what others read. Students should be allowed to find for themselves whether they agree or disagree with what they see, hear, and read based on values instilled by their households. In society, everyone is guaranteed the right to life, autonomy, and the chase of felicity. In order for these rights to be protected, the authorities devised the First Amendment. The First Amendment perfectly ensures that Congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof ; or foreshortening the freedom of address, or of the imperativeness, or the right of the people to peacefully assemble ( E.W. 57 ) . The censor is ever speedy to warrant his maps in footings that are protective of society. But the First Amendment, written in footings that are absolute, deprives the State of any power to go through on the value, the properness, or the morality of a peculiar look. Therefore, censoring contradicts the First Amendment. Censorship robs the person of his or her sense of self-respect because censoring, in any signifier, represents a deficiency of trust in the opinion and favoritism of the person ( Opp. Views. 171 ) . Censoring means that a bulk seeks to enforce its criterions on a minority ; hence, an component of coercion is built-in in the thought of censoring. Without sing censored stuff and utilizing it to oppugn what is thought to be true, the true stuff will lose its credibleness, In other words, even if something is wholly true, without oppugning it and seeing the other side of an issue, it will miss the indispensable backup and become idle. Today, there are many marks that our society is in problem. This is nil new. All societies are ever in problem. However, every bit long as the First Amendment is in consequence, every bit long as persons have the chance to analyze all the grounds and to do informed opinions, there is a opportunity that we will happen ways of reforming our jobs. Education is set up to profit the pupil, censoring does non let for this to go on. Baning academic stuffs is showing a greater immorality because it is non leting for pupils to maximise their guaranteed rights. Censoring hinders a pupil # 8217 ; s ability to come on into the hereafter and take duty for his / her actions ; hence, censoring must come to an terminal. If the epidemic of censoring continues to boom in our societym we will lose all opportunities of reforming society, When censoring wins, everybody loses. # 8220 ; Burn, Baby, Burn. # 8221 ; Entertainment Weekly 6 Mar. 1992: 54 Clark, Charles. # 8220 ; School Censorship. # 8221 ; The CQ Researcher Feb 1993: 147-156 Hollis, Alpert. Censoring: For and Against. New York: Hary, 1992. # 8220 ; Is School and Library Censorship Justified? # 8221 ; Opposing Point of views Jan. 1985: 137-174. Solin, Sabrina. # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; t Read This. # 8221 ; Seventeen September 1994:98 Taz, Meredith. # 8220 ; Keep Censors Out of School Libraries. # 8221 ; Parents Magazine April 1995: 171.

Software Licensing Essays - Law, Computing, Free Essays, Term Papers

Software Licensing Essays - Law, Computing, Free Essays, Term Papers Software Licensing In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12.5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2.2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U.S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret holder=s rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court determined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical device. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet also mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright protection under the rule of doubt. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the Act. In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the user=s right to make a single backup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i.e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D.C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a court (federal) to stop that person by an injunction and to give you damages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The Software Rental Amendments

Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy

Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy In thÐ µ PrÃ'â€"nÃ' Ã µtÐ ¾n RÐ µvÃ'â€"Ð µwÃ'• GuÃ'â€"dÐ µ tÐ ¾ CÐ ¾llÐ µgÐ µ Majors (2008), English LÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °turÐ µ and creative writing degree wÐ °Ã'• ranked among thÐ µ tÐ ¾Ã'€ tÐ µn college mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã'â€"n thÐ µ US. Does a course meant Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' for literature Ð µnthuÃ'•Ã'â€"Ð °Ã'•tÃ'•? HÐ ¾w dÐ ¾Ã µÃ'• grÐ °duÐ °tÃ'â€"ng wÃ'â€"th Ð °n EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h mÐ °jÐ ¾r degree can help you Ã'â€"n opening up more employment opportunities Ð °nd Ã'€rÐ ¾fÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °nÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt? Being a major at English, Ã'â€"nvÐ ¾lvÐ µÃ'• studying English Ð °nd lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' wÐ ¾rkÃ'• frÐ ¾m varied Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' tÃ'â€"vÐ µÃ'•. The literary Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'Ã'•Ã'â€"Ã'• dÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'• a Ã'•tudÐ µntÃ'• comprehension, rÐ µÃ °Ã'•Ð ¾nÃ'â€"ng, and critical thinking. Interpreting any lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' work requires Ã' Ã °rÐ µful understanding Ð ¾f the tÐ µxt and thÐ µ ability to   communicate Ã'â€"tÃ'• historical, cultural, Ð °nd Ã'•Ð ¾Ã' Ã'â€"Ð µtÐ °l significance effectively. Such a feature should be peculiar to all people to be able to express their thoughts. Graduating in English with a creative writing degree course requÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ'• Ð °t lÐ µÃ °Ã'•t 120 Ã' rÐ µdÃ'â€"t hours wÐ ¾rth of vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð ¾uÃ'• Ã' Ã ¾urÃ'•Ð µÃ'• Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' hÃ'â€"Ã'•tÐ ¾rÃ'Æ' Ð °nd thÐ µÃ ¾rÃ'Æ', language dÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€mÐ µnt, EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n, speech Ã'•tudÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'•, Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °Ã'• well as buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng. FÐ ¾r mÐ °nÃ'Æ' Ã'•tudÐ µntÃ'•, choosing a college major mÐ µÃ °nÃ'• Ã' hÐ ¾Ã ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"ng Ð ¾nÐ µ that will guarantee high-paying jobs Ã'â€"mmÐ µdÃ'â€"Ð °tÐ µlÃ'Æ' Ð °ftÐ µr grÐ °duÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. The English language and literature dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ Ã'€rÐ ¾vÃ'â€"dÐ µs avenues tÐ ¾ mÐ ¾rÐ µ possibilities Ã'â€"n the workplace. EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h majors Ð °rÐ µ Ð °blÐ µ tÐ ¾ thrÃ'â€"vÐ µ in almost Ð °nÃ'Æ' fÃ'â€"Ð µld. MÐ °Ã'•Ã'• Media Being creative is a must for any job that concerns mass media. YÐ ¾ur English major wÃ'â€"ll help you acquire a brÐ ¾Ã °d Ð °rrÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾f Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• that Ð °rÐ µ tÐ °Ã'â€"lÐ ¾rÐ µd tÐ ¾ mÐ µÃ µt thÐ µ nÐ µÃ µdÃ'• of the media Ð °nd Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ã'â€"nduÃ'•trÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• without having to Ã'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' Ã'â€"Ð °lÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð µ Ã'â€"n a particular mÐ µdÃ'â€"Ð ° area. Theater ArtÃ'• Creative Writing and English Literature degrees help Ð µxÃ'€Ð °nd Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur skills, thÐ µÃ ¾rÐ µtÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l undÐ µrÃ'•tÐ °ndÃ'â€"ng Ð °nd Ð µxÃ'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð µnÃ' Ã µ Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ °trÐ µ Ð °nd Ã'€Ð µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ practice. It will help you take on the the skills Ð °nd Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ð µÃ'• Ã'â€"n Ð °Ã' tÃ'â€"ng, dÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ' tÃ'â€"ng, dÐ µvÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"ng, wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng, drama, Ã' rÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l analysis, stage management Ð °nd theatre production PublÃ'â€"Ã'  RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• You will be involved in Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n and theory as well as in carrying out studies thÐ °t Ã'€rÐ ¾mÐ ¾tÐ µ your Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l and rÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. You will be able to use your professional Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• Ã'â€"n wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng, media and Ã'•tÐ °kÐ µhÐ ¾ldÐ µr relations, Ã'•trÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ' Ð °nd research, wÃ'â€"th an emphasis Ð ¾n problem Ã'•Ð ¾lvÃ'â€"ng, creativity, project Ð °nd rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt. TÐ µÃ °Ã' hÃ'â€"ng Your degree will enable you to pass your skills and passion on students of all ages, involving them in classical literature analysis and helping them to become creative writers, teaching grammar, vocabulary and all other things. WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Your exposure to great writers and to the reading that you have done while attending courses will be of great help when you do some writing on your own. RÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h-BÐ °Ã'•Ð µd InduÃ'•trÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• Such aÃ'• Marketing Ð °nd AdvÐ µrtÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"ng Your ability to spin words and being a wordsmith will help you do your best. English mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• train tÐ ¾ bÐ µ Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÐ ¾rÃ'•, Ã'â€"n bÐ ¾th wrÃ'â€"ttÐ µn Ð °nd Ã'•Ã'€Ð ¾kÐ µn formats, mÐ °kÃ'â€"ng thÐ µm Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'€Ð µnÃ'•Ð °blÐ µ to Ð °nÃ'Æ' buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• or Ð ¾rgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. A background Ã'â€"n the English lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ Ð °nd literature Ð °ddÃ'• Ã' rÐ µdÃ'â€"bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' to almost Ð °nÃ'Æ' Ã'€rÐ ¾fÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾n, Ð µÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' Ã'â€"Ð °llÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r those Ã'â€"n uÃ'€Ã'€Ð µr mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °nd administrative lÐ µvÐ µlÃ'•. FrÐ ¾m reading Ã' lÐ °Ã'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ã'  tÐ ¾ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•tmÐ ¾dÐ µrn literary wÐ ¾rkÃ'• thrÐ ¾ughÐ ¾ut English hÃ'â€"Ã'•tÐ ¾rÃ'Æ', studying them Ã' lÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µlÃ'Æ' Ð °nd wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng tÐ µÃ' hnÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l and Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'Ã'•Ð µÃ'•, EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã' Ã °n apply for a wide Ð °rrÐ °Ã'Æ' of positions.

How do you account for the success of Korea&#8217;s chaebol What Essay

How do you account for the success of Korea’s chaebol What problems did the chaebol face in the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s - Essay Example formance of chaebols and it is regarded that Korean economy became able to recover from the financial crisis of late 1990s due to the efficient performance and adequate restructuring of chaebols (Buzo, 2002, p187). At present, chaebols are successfully operating in South Korea significantly contributing towards the economic development (Choe and Chinmay, 2007, p232). The essay aims to discuss the performance of Korean Chaebols after the financial crisis that hit Korea along with many other Asian countries in late 1990s. The essay examines the recovery path adopted by the Korean Chaebols to identify the factors that have contributed towards re-stability of these conglomerates after the financial crisis. It is revealed that financial crisis draw devastating impact upon the performance and growth of Chaebols however, they recovered from the crisis within few years with the help of government support and adequate business strategies and planning. Chaebols are the South Korean business conglomerates that have attained strong position at international level and own several multinational enterprises. There are several dozen Chaebols working in Korea that are mainly operated by Korean family controlled corporate groups (Fields, 1995, p35). These Chaebols enjoy government support as well as finance that allow them evolving as well known international brands. Some of the well known Chaebols operating in South Korea include Samsung, LG and Hyundai etc. Traditionally Chaebols have played a very important role in economic as well as political progression of Korea. Chaebols have significantly contributed towards the development of new industries, markets and expansion of trade relation at international level (Kim, 1991, p272). It has been widely accepted that Chaebols have well supported Korean economy in attaining the position of East Asian Tiger (Rowley et al, 2001, p21). Chaebols use to play dominating role in the economy of Korea because these entities remain the focus of

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Essay

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Traditions of Behavior - Essay Example The paper "The influence of film on fashion" explores film influenced on the fashion. The film industry has also used this as a tool to create messages with the intent of changing and challenging cultural trends. In looking at the way in which fashion and behavior has been influenced by film, it is clear that the film industry has had a monumental impact on the way in which the event of going to the movies has a broader influence than merely the entertainment value that is offered. The existence of fashion in film is a form of communication that lends to the overall intent of each scene. According to Munich, the fashion in film gives further meaning to the communication that is intended by the look that has been created to enhance the overall design and look. Fashion and costuming becomes a part of the set design, the color of the walls being in balance with the color of the dress, the forms and structures of each element of the scene, including the clothing that the actors wear, a c arefully constructed ‘painting’ that gives to each scene the depth that will provide the messages that the meaning intends to convey. The look is a part of the overall communication, tying the fashion to cultural meanings and emphasizing new ways of viewing when done well. The meanings behind fashion have often been in creating a sense of social class, but through film these meanings become conveyed to all classes. According to what Munich has written, â€Å"Film offers fashion to the masses and is an avenue to its democratization†. ... A bottle of Coca Cola is a classic example of how the consumer culture is equalized through transactions. A bottle Coca Cola is worth the same amount of money to someone who is poor as it is to someone who is wealthy. No one pays more or less for a better or worse bottle of the product (Pendergrast 15). In this same vein of thought, Munich has suggested that fashion has been equalized through the same process as fashion becomes accessible for cloning to those in lower class levels as well as higher class levels (5). The visual opportunity to see styles and concepts allows for fashion to infiltrate sectors of the society that would not have had this opportunity in other time periods where accessibility was as easily attained. In designing clothing for the public, a designer must not only have a sense of how the evolution of the history of fashion has transpired, but must have a sense of what is important within the culture so that the clothing continues that communication. Film influe nces the direction that cultural thought processes are developed, and how the dress of a film has been developed in order to understand those thought processes further can be transferred as a part of the communication and message. An example of this type of influence can be seen through the film Annie Hall directed by Woody Allen. In the film, the lead character Annie Hall, played by Dianne Keaton, wears a specific wardrobe that has a masculinized representation. The wardrobe includes menswear in the form of hats, ties, and menswear style fabrics. The look was casual, oversized, and detailed with feminine pieces to give a sophisticated, cross gender look. After the release of the film, the look as it was created by

Essay --

What’s better: Fast Food vs. Healthy Food? Although today, the vast majority would argue that eating healthier foods would be more advantageous to one’s health, the question is whether it is conducive to the faster pace lifestyle of today’s individual and family? Today’s family dynamic is normally made up of two hardworking individuals with equally busy children. For each individual and family members, we know that a healthy lifestyle is dependent on plenty of exercise and nutritious foods. Advertisers for health and diet foods retailers sell a variety of healthy foods to help customers stick to their diets. Products can range from supplements and vitamins to vegetables and protein. Some health and diet foods can be found in supermarkets. Usually they have their own aisle, and are coupled with the organics section. They can also be found in the fruits and vegetables sections. But many health and diet foods have their own specialty shops aimed at getting people to lose fat, inches, and weight. Losing excess weight and improving your overall health via exercise and wise eating cho... Essay -- What’s better: Fast Food vs. Healthy Food? Although today, the vast majority would argue that eating healthier foods would be more advantageous to one’s health, the question is whether it is conducive to the faster pace lifestyle of today’s individual and family? Today’s family dynamic is normally made up of two hardworking individuals with equally busy children. For each individual and family members, we know that a healthy lifestyle is dependent on plenty of exercise and nutritious foods. Advertisers for health and diet foods retailers sell a variety of healthy foods to help customers stick to their diets. Products can range from supplements and vitamins to vegetables and protein. Some health and diet foods can be found in supermarkets. Usually they have their own aisle, and are coupled with the organics section. They can also be found in the fruits and vegetables sections. But many health and diet foods have their own specialty shops aimed at getting people to lose fat, inches, and weight. Losing excess weight and improving your overall health via exercise and wise eating cho...

Coping with Death

Existentialists and intellectuals relatively have similar views about certain things. Existentialists are intellectuals while some intellectuals can be existentialists. However, there are instances when their philosophies can reveal differences which make them stand out and identify themselves. This paper aims to discuss how one is likely to cope with the issue of death in an existential and intellectual point of view. Coping with Death Death has been the most absolute event that is bound to happen to human beings even before they were born.It is one constant thing that will be waiting at the end no matter how well or bad we live our lives. Throughout life, there are inevitable instances when we are forced to cope with the death of someone, whether a stranger’s, relative’s, or plainly, the thought of ours. Since existential views root from the idea of existentialism and intellectual views from intellectualism, let us first identify the distinction between these two phil osophies. One of the most famous existentialists in history is the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.He defined existentialism as a philosophy which focuses on the existence of man alone and not on his essence or for any other purpose. He argued that man exists without meaning or definition. However, he stated that essence and meaning only manifest later in our lives. It is through our decisions that we come to begin the definition of our existence (Earnshaw, 2006, p. 74). Clearly, it is evident in his argument that religion is out of the picture. In the book Existentialism, Steven Earnshaw quoted Sartre’s (2006) claim:If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself (p. 74). Based on the definition by Sartre, it is now reasonable to say that existentialists view death as something that just happens without any meaning at all. If we are to cope with it existentially, it can be claimed that death is a fearful event because it does not provide a sensible reason.It does not label our meaning; rather, death ends it. On the other hand, there are also existential arguments with regard to death which claims that death is necessary to remind us of â€Å"possibilities. † Without death, one would not be obliged to be cautious in his/her decisions because that individual has all the time in the world to do them in â€Å"trial and error. † Now, we move on to intellectualism. This philosophy is actually quite self-explanatory in nature. An intellectual acts in accordance to reason.Similar to existentialism, intellectualism also disregards the involvement of religion, for religion is based on faith which is unfounded with solid evidences. Nonetheless, intellectuals can have different ways of coping with death. Since reason is more complex than the idea of â€Å"existence comes first† by Sartre, intellectuals can va ry in their opinion of death. As for me, if I am to cope with death intellectually, I can start off by going back to the theory of evolution.As rational and mortal animals, we are capable of deteriorating because of several conditions such as diseases, old age, natural disaster, etc. Hence, death is a cycle which is scientifically normal and inevitable. Most likely, if one is to view the concept of death either existentially or intellectually, he or she is still subject to fear its arrival. However, there is a loophole in both of the arguments because the root of our existence is still questionable. They can bring up the Big Bang or the Theory of Evolution, but as far as I am concerned, there is no solid evidence of the first inhabitants on earth.As long as theories have not been proved with concrete evidence, there is no way that we can reach the answers about life and death. In any case, existentialism and intellectualism do not provide the perfect way to cope with issues like dea th. What they can only provide is the flailing argument that we are considered materials which have the capability to break down and crash at any point in time. Would it not be better to accept death knowing that something unimaginable is waiting for us?

Childhood Health Issues And Substance Abuse - 1052 Words

Barbara, Bill and Jean are voluntarily attending family therapy to address some of the past and current issues presented in the family system of the Fordham’s. Barbara presents with a past of growing up in a family of mental health issues, substance abuse and dependency. Bill presents with a similar past of family history of mental health issues and substance abuse. Jean is the product of two parents who are undifferentiated meaning they are too emotionally involved with his or her own family and this makes them in a chronic state of anxiety (Withers, 2012). It is determined that due to their past upbringing Barbara and Bill have found it difficult to find an effective parenting plan in raising their daughter Jean. The entire family unit has agreed to attend family therapy to assist them in determining the possibility of reconciliation between Barbara and Bill and to develop a better parenting plan in raising their daughter. They understand that the time they are allowed through the courts to make this determination is shorter than the planned therapy and they have agreed to start and continue no matter their decision on reconciliation of their marriage. Unlike other models of family therapy, the goal of the Bowenian – trained therapist is not focused on symptom reduction but on the improvement of the intergenerational transmission process (Winek, 2010). This can be done by understanding one of the cornerstones of the Bowen theory: there are forces within the familyShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is defined as a physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances.† (BiedermanRead MoreAmerican Psychological Association Defines Traumatic Event989 Words   |  4 PagesAssociation, 2000). Childhood trauma is the experience of traumatic event or events which creates a substantial and long term damage to the mental and physical growth and development of a child(National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2013). National prevalence of childhood trauma indicates trauma is a frequent occurrence in which majority of Americas have witnessed or experienced a single or multiple traumatic events before adulthood. A 2013 study by National Survey of Children’s Health reported aboutRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 Pagesinter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on children and show that there is evidence of a clear relationship in which increasing parental vi olence is associated with increasing outcome risks (Fergusson Horwood, 1998, p.8). When a child witnesses domestic abuse it can have many different effectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Substance Use Disorder On Childhood Development1565 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Parental Substance Use Disorder on Childhood Development Kemeshia N. Maith Morgan State University The Impact of Parental Substance Abuse on Childhood Development Substance abuse disorders are significant public health concerns and rank among the most common psychiatric disorders beginning in young adulthood. Substance abuse is considered low or infrequent doses of alcohol or drugs such that damaging consequences are rare or minor (Child Welfare, 2012). Such abuse can cause socialRead MoreA Child s Mind Stands At Risk Of Stressors That Induce Development Of Behavioral Changes1107 Words   |  5 PagesAhmed Instructor: Jeanette May Benedictine University, MPH_694_D1A5 September 20, 2015. â€Æ' Executive Summary: Problem: A child’s mind stands at risk of stressors that induce development of behavioral changes increasing the vulnerability to other substance abuse disorders. Comorbidity is defined as the presence of two disorders or illnesses that occur simultaneously, or in sequence. The characteristics of drug addiction include compulsive, at times uncontrollable drug craving, seeking, and use despiteRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On A Person s Life Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesknow people who have used or been around substances during their lifetime. We can even categorize these people as the person who is having a good time at a party, or the person who is a drunk and or drug dealer. It also doesn’t come as a shock to us when we find out these people taking the substances too far are now in rehab. But what distinguishes this fine line between the person socializing at a party to the person withdrawing in rehab? As certain substances are generally known to create an addictionRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood experiences and attachments are crucial to our emotional development. Children around this country are abused and neglected every second. â€Å"Childhood maltreatment also represents a serious public health concern, with an estimated 3.3 million referrals to child protective agencies for suspected child maltreatment in 2005† (Bentley Widom, 2009). Those children who are abused eventually become adults whom suffered from childhood trauma. Although a trauma may be considered to be in the pastRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : India Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and Domestic Violence India Chillious Cleveland State University This paper was prepared or Social Work 622, Section 480, taught by Professor Seck Violence has been an ongoing issue, and has increased over the years. There are many different types of violence that can take place, one being domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over anotherRead More The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse is a serious issue in todays society. There are many victims of child abuse. There are three kinds of child abuse: emotional, sexual, and physical. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detrimental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexualRead MoreChild Abuse Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Arnold 3rd hour Mrs. Williams Effects of Abuse on Babies, Infants, and Toddlers Later in Life The causes of child abuse on infants, babies, and toddlers are catastrophic. There are several people who get abused from infancy to adultance. Each person who gets abused and survives the trauma is left with devastating memories. Many abused children come from homes that are disturbed, chaotic, and violent. (Markham). A child who has been abused is more likely to grow up into an angry teenager

Hamlet Dancing Through Darkness - 1140 Words

Dancing Through Darkness One cannot exercise the mind enough to prepare for the moment when tragedy occurs. Our emotions are very unpredictable in this way. What comes after the tragedy is referred to as the ‘grieving period’. The mind has to go through this in order to stretch itself from the unpredictable emotions, back into a form of acceptance of what was lost. In the tragedy striking play of â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† written by William Shakespeare, the author has the reader take a look at the more intense grieving period of the many members who cope with more than one death at a time. In contrast, the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry looks more into one tragedy and how a close family deals with that, rather than†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To be or not to be, that is the question† (Act 4, Scene 5, line 56). In this famous line, Hamlet is referring back to his lost love, Ophelia, and her death and exclaiming hi s dire sadness and willing to not live for her own sake. After dealing with so many tense emotions, one may start to ease back into a new stage. Bargaining is more of the invisible stage. For the most part, it usually passes through quickly and unnoticed by the people dealing with it. Rebecca Eckler, author of children’s literature, and a degree in psychology states â€Å"to do in times such as these is to find a childhood book and read it.† (1). These books may allow one dealing with a tragedy to read and see how fictional ideas may actually help them move forward. One may use bargaining as a twisted tactic in order to get revenge. â€Å"The king shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath† (Act 5, Scene 2, line 238). The drink is poisoned and Claudius is bargaining this as he already has the outcome pre set up so that the enemy will end up drinking the poison. When children go through the bargaining stage they may use their parents as the target. â€Å"Could I maybe go carry some groceries in front of the supermarket for a little while after school then?† (Hansberry 379). The son keeps trying to get his way with his mother because she may be vulnerable when dealing with the situation. The key back to balancing all the brokenness back together at the end of a tragedy isShow MoreRelatedBeauty : My Humble Opinion Is All About Who Is Perceiving It993 Words   |  4 Pagesglorious sound and the grand mysteries of life looming in the depths beneath. Beauty can be described as the fresh snow glistening on the pine trees with deer majestic in their natural glory, nested down in peaceful slumber and fat, fluffy hares dancing playfully in the snow bounding in every direction or birds in song singing to their own unique tune not unlike a grand orchestrate making wonderful music for all to hear. It is in the fresh paw prints in the snow and the curiosity it creates of whatRead MoreStaging Hamlet for a Modern Audience2295 Words   |  10 P agesAlthough a long play, it has a depth to it, that, if transferred to the stage well, is transformed from a long and winding script to a fascinating play filled with suspense and the emotions of the characters run high.nbsp; Hamlet, nonetheless is a challenging script and Hamlet himself can either create the play, or destroy it, he is the key element.nbsp; nbsp; To fascinate the audience from the outset you need to examine the setting that Shakespeare describes throughout the script.nbsp;Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 2150 Words   |  9 PagesHamlet gazes up at the sky and appreciates it, â€Å"this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o’erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appearth nothing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors† (Shakespeare II, ii, 299-303). In this line, Hamlet sees the sky as artwork that should be appreciated as something that is a blessing for us. The influence of the Renaissance is evident in this line. During the Renaissance, people looked at theRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pages07 1 THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert Murray, LL.D., D.Litt. Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford Fellow of the Academy New York Oxford University Press American Branch 35 West 32nd Street London : Humphrey Milford THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert MurrayRead More Alfred Lord Tennysons Maud; A Monodrama - Madness or Maud? Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pagesinevitable sorrow. Each moment creating a chain reaction. In Maud; A Monodrama, Alfred Lord Tennyson explores the journey of a man in the universal search for the perfect Garden of Eden. Originally titled Maud or Madness, he described the â€Å"little Hamlet† as the history of a morbid poetic soul† who is â€Å"the heir of madness, an egotist with the makings of a cynic† (Hill 214). In the throes of madness, the protagonist experiences the grandest emotional triumph and the lowest depths of despair. Each milestoneRead MoreThe Guilty Survivior2866 Words   |  12 Pagesthat sleep of death, what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. Theres the respect That makes Calamity of so long life. Hamlet Act III, scene I Prologue It was a cold winter afternoon. Snow seemed to take on the appearance of a blanket as it lay across the ground and trees. Glittering and dancing in the moonlight, the powder fell from the sky, ghosting across red tinted faces and shivering bodies. It was hypnotizing to watch the snow fall. It was the pictureRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pagessomething about the poetic emphasis and meaning. For some poets, however, this limited visual element is not enough. A few poets have interests in both literature and graphic art, but many have experimented with three methods of expanding poetic meaning through visual form. Typographical Analogies: Throughout history writers have underscored the content of their work by manipulating the way that words appear on their page. Capital letters convey urgency and loudness: STOP! HELP! COME HERE! Lower-case lettersRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesfamiliar bookish smell, the long, polished tables, and helpful librarians. Curiosity about the story inside a books attractive cover encouraged him to read at an early age. Langston loved to hold a book and examine the artists illustrations. Through adventures in books, he escaped his lonely, restricted life. Because the school for black children in Topeka was across town, Carrie enrolled Langston in first grade at the all-white Harrison Street School, which was within walking distance ofRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthird time of returning to his theme and gives exhaustive directions for the attraction of the planetary spirit by using a knowledge of the lordships of the planets. The fumes of the incense burnt in the incantation of the planet are to be passed through the middle of a hollow cross, explicit reasons being given for this. The chapter concludes with some general quotations from an unidentified source on the relations between planets and terrestrial souls (pp.192-97). Chapter 6 is devoted to the manifestation

Old Earth, Or Progressive Creationism - 1942 Words

Old earth, or progressive creationism shares similarities with theistic evolution in that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, they are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor acknowledges that it would be possible for God to use evolution as a creation tool, just as it is possible that God created solely through supernatural means. However, he thinks that there are too many unanswered questions left for both positions. It is from this conviction that Newman places himself in the progressive creationist camp. This view is named such because it sees creation as occurring in a progression with various levels which built upon one another, using a combination of supernatural intervention and providential guidance to harmonize the histories found in both the biblical account of Genesis and the scientific account we find in nature. Newman is quick to point out that there are many variations of the old earth creationist position. Of these, however, he finds three main varieties, which differ primarily in their views on the nature of the days of the creation week. These three categories are: (1) The day-age view. As implied by the title, this view considers the days to be chronological, but not 24-hour periods. Rather, they are long spans of time,Show MoreRelatedOld Earth, Or Progressive Creationism1966 Words   |  8 PagesAnother position is old earth, or progressive creationism, which does share some similarities with theistic evolution - primarily, that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, old earth creationists are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor, acknowledges that i t wouldRead MoreCreationism : Creationism And Creationism1193 Words   |  5 Pagesworld there are arguments on what is right and wrong when it comes to creationism. There are different ways to look at creationism. There’s young earth creationism, old earth creationism, intelligent design, and theistic creationism. The first known use of creationism was in 1880. In a washington post poll studies found that 58% of Americans believe in creationism, while 42% believe in evolution. Different types of creationism can have different effects on society today. It divides society onRead MoreThe Evolution Of Young Earth Creationism1698 Words   |  7 PagesYoung earth creationism is what most people mean when referring to â€Å"creationism.† This is primarily due to the fact that the creationists most visible in the public eye during the creation-evolution debate were most likely to hold young earth creationist views. Additionally, the terms â€Å"recent earth† or â€Å"recent creation† have been used to refer to this same position. These terms clearly define their position as one in which the creation of the world occurred somewhat recently, that is, the world isRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Creationism vs. Darwinism Abstract An analysis of creationism, and its various forms, is undertaken in order to determine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and hasRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the belief t hat statements such as â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (NIV) foundRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreThe And Evolution Between Creationism And Creationism1023 Words   |  5 Pageswith the opportunity to make their own decisions? According to the laws and court decisions as of today, it is highly unlikely that Creationism will be granted equal time in the biology classroom any time soon. The Ohio standards for science include evolution as a core component mandating that biology teachers incorporate natural selection and the history of life on earth as part of the curriculum. One strategy, presented by the National Center for Science Education is teaching the information and theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Earth2163 Words   |  9 PagesScientists have found that the Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. As gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps, it became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals. These objects collided repeatedly and gradually got bigger, building up the planets in the Solar System. Although scientists are very close to answering the question, they still continue to search for the exactRead MoreThe Debate Between Creation And Evolution2145 Words   |  9 Pagesyoung earth creationism simply because theistic evolution is not a viable option. Still more present young earth creationism as a naive understanding of both the Bible and science. However, since each position has evidence in support of it and against it, it is in no way true that any of them present us with an undeniable position of definite accuracy. Furthermore, the idea that there is only a choice between creation and evolution is false. Indeed, there are more positions than even creationism andRead MoreThe Effects Of Clinical Depression On An Individual s Dreaming1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbe discussing the Creation versus Evolution debate. The creation–evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs.evolution debate or the origins debate) involves a recurring cultural, political, and theological dispute about the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. Prior to 1925, Creation Science was the dominant belief system before the rise of geology in the late 18th century. Early European scientists, from Copernicus to Galileo to Newton believed (as did almost all Christians

Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs Free Essays

The Three Great American Cultures Central and South America is said to have been first discovered in the late fifteenth century; however, to say that the land before this time was unknown to all of humanity would be a fallacy and a great insult to the three great ancient cultures that ruled before their European conquest. The Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans were three distinct groups of people that thrived in the Americas prior to their â€Å"discovery† and all have a diversely rich background full of people, tradition, and culture. Recorded Aztecan history begins at the start of the twelfth century when the Aztec people first moved out in search of a new homeland. We will write a custom essay sample on Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1325 they founded their new home with the creation of Tenochtitlan, a large city which is now the location of common-day Mexico City. The life of the Aztec people was multifaceted – filled with school systems, laws, clothing fashions, and traditional food. They had different scholastic buildings in place for children depending on their economic and noble rank among the people. Noble children would attend a school called a calmecac that would teach them history, religion, and the ways to govern. Meanwhile, the common children could go to a telpochacalli where they would learn aspects of war and trade work, but if a child showed enough promise and intelligence he or she could be sent up to one of the calmecacs to prepare for a higher future career. Crime and punishment was a severe topic for Aztecs; the breaking of many of their laws resulted immediately in death, some of which included: adultery, treason, theft, drunkenness, and even cutting down a living tree. Interestingly as well, if a commoner were to wear cotton clothing (something reserved only for nobility) they too would be put to death. Nobles dressed most lavishly among their people, opting for the brightest colors, and often used bird feathers to make headdresses that indicate their high status. The staple food for the Aztecs was corn. They also ate tomatoes, avocadoes, and tamales. Aztecs ruled for hundreds of years up until their peak in 1502 under their ruler Moctezuma II. The Spanish first arrived in 1519 with the conquistador Hernando Cortez, and by 1522 all the Aztecs once celebrated in Tenochtitlan was destroyed. Toward the south during the same time as the Aztecan people, the Incas were also in their peak from 1200 until 1535. They lived in what is now Peru and Chile, and before their fall had massed the largest Native American society. Part of the reasoning behind why the Incas became such a large tribe comes from their dominance in battle and their desire to conquer the neighboring tribes. During their peak, the Incan army had over forty thousand troops, patrolling in their lands. Living in the Andes mountain range also made for some interesting architecture. The Incas made large fortresses on the sides of steep mountains in order to protect their people and also see enemies if they were attacking from afar. Arranged as they were on the sides of mountains, Incan cities lead themselves to be hierarchically and religiously symbolic. The tallest point of their cities were reserved for religious practices, often in adoration for their sun god Along with their buildings, the Incas had advanced drainage systems used for irrigation to grow many of the crops the Aztecs did such as tomatoes, corn, cocoa, and cotton. Sadly the Incans shared more with the Aztecs than just their mutual crops; in 1535 they too were conquered by Spanish forces. While the Aztecs and Incas had much in common, perhaps the most different of the three great American societies were the Mayans found in the southern tip of common day Mexico and Guatemala. Unlike their neighbors to the north and south, the Mayans did not govern its people under a single ruler. Instead, the Mayans were comprised of smaller local city-states that ruled independently of one another. Each had its own ruler that was believed to be a descendant of the gods. But while they were independently ruled, the city-states all shared a common written language, religious beliefs, and a calendar system. The Mayans are the only known Native American culture that developed a written language, of which there are four existing books along with countless murals and wall writings. Much like the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans practiced human sacrifices. Because they believed that their nobility were decedents of the gods, it was customary for a city-state’s ruler to partake in ritual bloodletting along with sacrificing rival neighboring nobles. They also followed their ritual calendar that was comprised of a thirteen month and twenty day cycle. It marked the passing of planets, stars, and allowed the people to know when the proper time was to plant and harvest. Perhaps these calendars helped them predict other things as well because unlike the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans were never conquered by Spain because of their mysterious disappearance around the sixteenth century. Works Cited The Ancient Aztecs. Think Quest. 1999. Web. 1 February 2010. Criscenzo, Jeeni. The Maya. Jaguar Sun. 2000. Web. 1 February 2010. Inca. Minnesota State University. Web. 1 February 2010. How to cite Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs, Papers

Progress in Artificial Intelligence Technique - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Progress in Artificial Intelligence Technique. Answer: Introduction Background The current globalized society has been facing tremendous change in the information technology and the internet. In this context, human interaction has been transformed by an implementation of artificial intelligence. The cognitive interfaces help in providing new platforms for interaction between machine and humans. These contain graphical user interfaces (GUIs) navigation system including hypertext and option selection buttons and menus (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). The Ubiquitous Computing focuses on effective human interaction with technological components including artificial intelligence. Chatterbot conversation includes an exchange of texts and languages including dealing with ambiguous situations context-based messages. However, chatterbots are used in various fields including entertaining others by making coherent conversation (Nilsson 2014). A machine learns from the algorithm feeder input for working. However, these algorithms cannot hold and understand of data concept. Therefore, a large amount of data and information cannot be input in the algorithm. This has created self-fulfilling strategies for communication among the robots. The literature review will present the concept of AIML and its different functionality. The use of pattern recognition techniques helps in creating the language for communicating with each other. This paper will focus on the development of the language for robots in order to perform chatting with other bots. This research will use a proper methodology for proceeding in the research. The use of Artificial Intelligence in this process will be researched in this study. The concept of the artificial intelligence in the South Africa will be discussed. The impact of the robots and other chatterbots on the economic, legal and business perspective in the country will be discussed. Rationale Modern information technology has been focusing on the artificial intelligence in the 21st century. However, the change in the methodology of the technology in the worked has allowed transforming various algorithms in the IT sector (Cohen and Feigenbaum 2014). The exponential growth of IT in the market has been focusing on the concept of the Artificial Intelligence. Robotics and other chatterbots have been created to decrease the human work. There has been a peaceful transition in the democratic of South Africa in 1994. The lack of education in the primary and secondary level have a major cause for obtaining the low score in the education sector. According to OECD 2008 review of national policies in South Africa (Navigli and Ponzetto 2012). However, 15% to 18% of school students are qualifying the school exams per year. Therefore, the literacy rate of the country has been continuously increasing (Hovy, Navigli and Ponzetto 2013). However, this rate is slower than other countries in t he world. The use of the technology in the studies have been less in the country. Therefore, students are not able to maintain the technical knowledge of the school. This has been created the problem in the literacy rate of the country. However, robotics has been provided in the country for the students, Robotic technology is being studied in the schools and colleges of the country. According to a survey, there has been a massive change in an enhancement of technical knowledge from 4% to 7% (Brodie, Mylopoulos and Schmidt 2012). As commented by Yang and Xu (2013), This total rose to around 1.5 million in 2014 and is projected to increase to about 1.9 million in 2017.5 Japan has the largest number with 306,700, followed by North America (237,400), China (182,300), South Korea (175,600), and Germany (175,200) (Geraci 2012). Overall, robotics is expected to rise from a $15 billion sector now to $67 billion by 2025. According to RBC Global Asset Management study, the cost of automation and robots have been falling down frequently. This has led to the increase in the development of robots all over the word (Brady, Gerhardt and Davidson 2012). Therefore, there is a risk of the robots start communication with each other by creating own language. However, increase in use of robots in the replace have increased the unemployment of human being in companies. Robots are replacing the human work in an efficient way. This research has focused on identifying the issues faced due to self-communication by the robots by creating their own language. The factors that are affecting the work pressure if the workplace in an organization is also mentioned. The language required for preparing algorithm has been discussed in the report. Problem Statement The primary problem discussed in the study will be the own communication of robots by developing language. Reports have identified various challenges are faced due to this problem. Therefore, this study will help in identifying challenges due to this approach of robots and other chatterbots. These have created the problem in maintenance of robots in the laboratory due to own communication of robots. Research Aim, Objectives and questions The aim of the research is to analyze language for communication between robots and other bots. The objectives of a research study are provided below: To analyze the basic concepts of robotics and artificial intelligence To understand the language created by robots for mutual communication To identify the challenges imposed due to communication of robots with each other in their own language To recommend strategies for mitigating these challenges in the robots Following are the research questions for the research: What are the basic concepts of robotics and artificial intelligence? How are the robots communicating with each other by creating own language? What are the challenges faced due to communication among robots by creating their own language? What can be done to mitigate these challenges related to communication among robots by creating own language? Significance of research This research study will focus on the concepts of artificial intelligence and its benefits and challenges in the industry. The concept of communicating of robots with each other by creating own language will be discussed in the research. The study aims at understanding various concepts of communication among each other by developing own language. Therefore, this framework might create challenges for the researchers in the field. These challenges will be identified in this study. The problem of own communication of robots will be depicted in the study. Summary This chapter has discussed the basic scenario of the artificial intelligence in the market in the context of South Africa. The aim of the research has been initiated in this chapter. The objectives and research questions have been provided in the chapter that helps in proceeding with the study. Literature Review Concept of Artificial Intelligence As commented by Yampolskiy (2013), artificial intelligence focuses on the work processes of machines requiring intelligence performed by humans. Therefore, artificial intelligence refers to investigating intelligent problem-solving behaviour by developing computer systems. However. This technology has been mostly in use by the researchers in the lab. The use of technology has been an important aspect in the development of new devices and artefacts. The Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAIR) is a group initiative of Statistics, Computer Science and School of mathematics unit for industrial growth in the market (Kanal and Kumar 2012). The current focus of the institute is to promote a concept of artificial intelligence and knowledge of computer engineering among individuals in the society. CAIR is mainly working on the development of artificial intelligence in the market. The computational models of human thought processes have helped in communicating with the artefacts. Ho wever, Nolfi, Bongard, Husbands and Floreano (2013) commented that artificial intelligence is an implementation of human thoughts on the computer. The use of artificial intelligence has helped in maintaining a keen relationship with machines and human beings. Chatterbots and pattern recognition As commented by Ginsberg (2012), various tests have been done to acknowledge between human and machine. Modern technology has created various clones similar to the human beings. These b0ts can perform all works similar to the human beings including daily routine work. These bots are efficient to perform daily duties including washing, cooking, caring and other duties of the human being. Therefore, Turing test has been performed on these machines for distinguishing between them. Therefore, this test is recognized as a chatterbot itself. Frankish and Ramsey (2014) defined chatter bot as a program that helps in stimulating typed conversation for aiming at least fooling human beings temporarily during the conversation with another person. Chatterbots can be classified in the form of techniques that are used in the development of various devices. For example, during the 90's, the second-generation chatterbots were built and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques were applied, such as Artificial Neural Networks in conjunction with NLP techniques (Ingrand and Ghallab 2014). JULIA chatterbot is an example of a second-generation chatterbot developed by Michael Mauldin in 1994 (Deisenroth, Neumann and Peters 2013). However, the development of the third-generation uses the Pattern Recognition Techniques. The motivation for using the AIML language has been dining in the pattern recognition system (Kober and Peters 2012). The features of the AIML language implemented in developing chatter bot include ease of implementation of AIML language based on markup language for making easy use of dialogues written in the code. Various computational systems help developers in developing chatterbots for web deployment user access. However, a high level of recycling process has been done in the chatterbots projects for developing open source software license. Pattern Recognition for Chatter bots modelling Various theories and models are used for the development of chatterbots include Pattern recognition, that aims at modelling computing system which is based on human dialogues. The use of AIML languages helps in providing different chatter bits that can adopt pattern recognition technique. Zang et al. (2015) commented that ALICE was the first chatterbot that was developed by using AIML language. It has three operations including performing word processing actions for fitting input by a user, the pattern is matched between input provided by user and input provided by a designer (Szegedy et al. 2017). Therefore, the pattern recognition system has been installed in the chatterbots that help in recognizing different patterns in the daily life. It helps in providing various work in the daily life including road crossing and walking. The patterns are matched with the database of the robot and accordingly, it works. Big data and artificial intelligence have been maintaining a bi-directional relationship with each other. As commented by Tirgul and Naik (2016), Artificial intelligence requires machine learning, which requires a large amount of data. A protocol will be developed for communicating among the robots. Each robot will send the request to another robot for initiating communication. In the presence of another homogeneous robot, it accepts the request and starts communicating with each other. The robots will send their personal information for connecting with other robots (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). The other robots will acknowledge it by sending a message to the sender robot. Therefore, this will create a connection between them to initiate communication. In this process, the header part of the message is stored in the robot that helps in acknowledging back about the received message. However, some messag e is not delivered to the receiver robot that creates the problem in communicating with the robot (Bongard 2013). The IR radiation will be used in order to maintain the communication among robots. Robots will transmit same infrared rays in case of either correct or incorrect messages received. Therefore, it becomes difficult of differentiating the signals transmitted from robot (Pfeifer, Lungarella and Iida 2012). The first phase will be IR transmission. IR transmitter will be attached in each of the robots that might help in transmitting IR rays for initiating communication. The use of the AIML language has helped in developing chatter bits and robots. The IR receiver will receive the infrared rays coming from another robot. After receiving infrared rays, it will match with the data and information resent in the database (Pedrycz 2012). In the case that the data matches with the database, the communication process will start between robots. In the case, data does not matches; the robot will compare the received data with stored data in the database. If it matches with another homogenous robot, the communication starts otherwise it fails. Advantages of robots The development of the robotics technology has been facilitated in various applications in the market. Robots have helped in maintaining different work in the market. The use of the robots has been circulated in various fields including machinery, IT sector and construction sector. The use of the robots has been incread4sed in the market (Ingrand and Ghallab 2014). This technology has decreased the human work pressure in various industries. The use of robots has been facilitated in order to increase production in the industries. Increased efficiency As commented by Brambilla et al. (2013), industrial robots are capable of completing heavy tasks in the industry work environment better than human employee completes. However, robots are capable of performing tasks with higher accuracy level than human beings. This has significantly drawn the attention of organizations for developing robots rather hire a human employee (Bennett and Hauser 2013). Robots are capable of increasing production of industries with a high speed. The work rate of the robot re faster than that of the human being. Higher quality Robots are able to provide the higher quality task to the company. The error rate of the robots is negligible in comparison to that of human work. Robots help in minimizing the human error rate in the industry (Springer 2013). The use of robots produces high-quality products with respect to their standard quality. It also minimizes the time required for completing a task. Longer working hours A human employee has to take breaks for getting rest from work. This creates the distraction from their work and their pace of work minimizes. However, in the case of robots, it can work for 24/7 with 100 % efficiency, therefore, this help in increasing the efficiency and production in the industry. Robots do not take any holiday or having unexpected off for sick (Elkady and Sobh 2012). Increased profitability Robots are capable of increasing the production in an industry. Therefore, this increases the sales of the company and profitability. The supply of the products for customers has been increased that have helped in increasing the sales of the company. Robots help in increasing the profitability of the company in the market. Issues faced due to communication among robots by creating their own language There are various problems faced by different companies due to AI chatter bots developing own language in order to communicate with each other. This problem has been faced by several companies all over the world including Facebook. Several times AI chatterbot of Facebook has been automatically responding to the client within any input data. Therefore, chatter bits are capable of creating their own language might be using AIML language. The use of the AIML language has been creating interest in developing chatterbots. As argued by (), AIML language has made easy for chatter buts to create their own language for self-communication. Big data and artificial intelligence have been maintaining a bi-directional relationship with each other. Artificial intelligence requires machine learning, which requires a large amount of data. The motivation for using the AIML language has been dining in the pattern recognition system. The use of the robotic technology in the organization have decreed the employee of the human labours. The employment if the human being is being replaced by the robots and chatter bits, Therefore, the unemployment ratio if the country has been increasing with the time. Robots are able to provide work in the fashioned way that includes minimal errors with respect to that of human workers. Different artificial intelligence techniques have failed in maintaining big data process. The prediction based on an artificial intelligence algorithm has been created in order to maintain a machined logic behind expressible terms of human beings (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). A machine learns from the algorithm feeder input for working. However, these algorithms cannot hold and understand of data concept. Therefore, a large amount of data and information cannot be input in the algorithm. This has created self-fulfilling strategies for communication among the robots. As argued by (), machine learning can be used for processing big data by using DPA. Therefore, an analysis is done in order to enhance machine learning for processing their own algorithm for self-communication. However, the use of algorithms by robots create risks for the researcher by communication with their own. This might lead to losing in control of the robots and chatterbots. The features of the AIML lan guage implemented in developing chatter bot include ease of implementation of AIML language based on markup language for making easy use of dialogues written in the code (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). The use of robots is done in a various organization in order to minimize the human work in the working place. Summary This can be summarized that the use of the AIML language is required in developing chatterbots. A basic concept of artificial intelligence has been provided in the chapter. The benefits and limitations of the robots in the industry have been depicted in the chapter. The issues due to communication among robots by creating own language have been provided. Methodology Introduction The research has followed a proper methodology in order to complete the project. The design of the research has been based on the technical background of the robotics technology. This chapter discusses the main methodological concept that will be used in this research. The steps to be followed for conducting the research are listed in this chapter. The research methodology helps in maintaining a proper path for following in the research. Research methodology includes philosophy, approach, design, data collection method, limitations and ethical consideration. Some theories and models related to the artificial interference have been taken for the data collection process. Research methodology has helped in maintaining the Research philosophy Research philosophy helps in providing dimension and knowledge of the research. It provides concepts and facts in order to conduct the research. In addition, the proper steps that will be considered while conducting this research will be adopted from this philosophy section of the paper. Three types of philosophy are positivism, interpretivism and realism. Post-positivism philosophy deals with cross-checking specific data for the research. The philosophy focuses on the previous study of the research and the findings (Nolfi, Bongard, Husbands and Floreano 2013). Interpretivism philosophy helps in providing the complex structure of the research. Interpretivism deals with the interpretative study of the research topic. Lastly, the realism philosophy is utilized for considering the real-valued data. The artificial intelligence used in the robotics technology might help in maintaining the research methodology. Communication among the robots might be possible with the help of creating thei r own language. The authenticity of the human convictions and machine learning can be combined to create the positivist philosophy. It deals with the scientific approach towards the maintenance of the research methodology. This research will select positivism philosophy for completing the research. The research will be based on the theoretical and practical perspective. The selected philosophy will help in providing advanced thinking to the research. Positivism philosophy restricts the specialist's part in controlling or assessing the information that prompts minimisation of information errors also. The use of positivism philosophy also helps in connecting the various settings among the aspects which in turn leads to better analysis of the information such that the analysis regarding artificial intelligence can be made efficiently. Research Approach The approach, which is utilized for conducting the research, is termed as the research approach. This helps in providing a structural framework, which is to be followed for conducting the research on artificial intelligence or robotics. The two types of research approach are inductive and deductive approach. Deductive approach focuses on analyzing previous theories and models related to the research. As commented by Magilvy and Thomas, (2012), inductive research approach focus on producing new theories. However, the deductive approach helps in conducting research methodology in a proper manner. Inductive research approach of a study helps in contemplating enough information is not possible. The use of the inductive research approach might not be able to maintaining the reliability of the data and information collected for the research. This research will select deductive approach that help selecting particular methods for the research. The deductive approach helps in maintaining the existing theories and models and collect data from them. However, the deductive approach deals with the adequate knowledge of the research. The present study focuses on the artificial intelligence in order to create a language for a robot to communicate with themselves. The deductive approach will help in deducting all the information that will not be useful for the research. The different components if the robotic technology will be analyzed in the study. Research design The research design focuses on the strategy perceived in order to collect data and information from various sources. The use of research design ensures research problem and map the solution according to it. Informative exploration design helps in creating new theories and models for the collecting data and information related to the research topic including artificial intelligence. It helps in building a framework for proceeding in the research activity. The three types of research design are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive design (Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. 2011). Descriptive research design assists as an observational study that is helpful to find out specific characteristics of population as well as their effects on the variables. Exploratory design help s in recognizing several types of thoughts and considerations in order to finish research study. Similarly, the explanatory research design involves conducting a research while considering various parameters associated to the use of artificial intelligence by the robots in a detailed manner. The researcher has chosen descriptive research design that would be helpful to conduct the research. This research will select descriptive research design as it helps in conduction of the research with methods that are more descriptive by putting detailed information (Geraci 2012). The descriptive design help in providing a complete picture of the whole research methods used. Descriptive design helps in maintaining the longitudinal study of the artificial intelligence in the robotic technology. Data Collection Technique Data collection method is an important aspect for the research methodology. There are two types of data collection method including primary and secondary method. The data collection method helps in providing a proper method for the data collection process in the research. In this research, data and information will be collected from secondary sources including online journals, books, articles, reports and governmental databases. The use of the secondary method will help in providing data and information for the research. Primary data are collected from online survey. Ethical consideration The research will follow all the ethical values and norms in completing the research. The research will access all knowledge related to the robotic technology. Data and information for the research topic will be ethically accessed from online journals and books. The journals will be of published version and after year 2012. The online journals and books will be related to artificial intelligence and robotic technology (Geraci 2012). The access to the government databases has been done legally with proper permission. The results and outcomes of the research will not be published before the completion of the research. The research will follow the Data Protection Act 1998 in order to keep personal data and information secret from others. Research Limitations A research helps in providing proper results and knowledge related to the concerned topic. However, some limitations are faced by a research. In this case, the research will also face some difficulties in the data collection process. Online journals and books might not be available for the researcher. There might be some journals in paid version that cannot be purchased by the researcher due to lack of budget. The language of the journals and books might not be understood by the researcher that will create limitations for the research. Many journals will not be similar t the research topic. The researcher might have a time limitation due t the cross-sectional nature of the research. However, deep analysis of the research will not be done due to unavailability of time for research. Gant chart Milestones in the Research 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4thWeek 5thWeek 6thWeek 7thWeek Selection of the Topic Collection of Data from secondary sources Preparing the layout Review of Literature Developing plan for the research Selecting appropriate techniques for research Collection of Primary data Data Analysis Interpretation Findings and Discussion Conclusion to the study Preparing Rough Draft Completion of Final Work Figure 3: Gantt Chart (Source: Created by Author) References Bench-Capon, T.J., 2014.Knowledge representation: an approach to artificial intelligence(Vol. 32). Elsevier. Bennett, C.C. and Hauser, K., 2013. Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach.Artificial intelligence in medicine,57(1), pp.9-19. Bongard, J.C., 2013. Evolutionary robotics.Communications of the ACM,56(8), pp.74-83. Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E., 2014. 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