Hamlet Dancing Through Darkness - 1140 Words

Dancing Through Darkness One cannot exercise the mind enough to prepare for the moment when tragedy occurs. Our emotions are very unpredictable in this way. What comes after the tragedy is referred to as the ‘grieving period’. The mind has to go through this in order to stretch itself from the unpredictable emotions, back into a form of acceptance of what was lost. In the tragedy striking play of â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† written by William Shakespeare, the author has the reader take a look at the more intense grieving period of the many members who cope with more than one death at a time. In contrast, the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry looks more into one tragedy and how a close family deals with that, rather than†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To be or not to be, that is the question† (Act 4, Scene 5, line 56). In this famous line, Hamlet is referring back to his lost love, Ophelia, and her death and exclaiming hi s dire sadness and willing to not live for her own sake. After dealing with so many tense emotions, one may start to ease back into a new stage. Bargaining is more of the invisible stage. For the most part, it usually passes through quickly and unnoticed by the people dealing with it. Rebecca Eckler, author of children’s literature, and a degree in psychology states â€Å"to do in times such as these is to find a childhood book and read it.† (1). These books may allow one dealing with a tragedy to read and see how fictional ideas may actually help them move forward. One may use bargaining as a twisted tactic in order to get revenge. â€Å"The king shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath† (Act 5, Scene 2, line 238). The drink is poisoned and Claudius is bargaining this as he already has the outcome pre set up so that the enemy will end up drinking the poison. When children go through the bargaining stage they may use their parents as the target. â€Å"Could I maybe go carry some groceries in front of the supermarket for a little while after school then?† (Hansberry 379). The son keeps trying to get his way with his mother because she may be vulnerable when dealing with the situation. The key back to balancing all the brokenness back together at the end of a tragedy isShow MoreRelatedBeauty : My Humble Opinion Is All About Who Is Perceiving It993 Words   |  4 Pagesglorious sound and the grand mysteries of life looming in the depths beneath. Beauty can be described as the fresh snow glistening on the pine trees with deer majestic in their natural glory, nested down in peaceful slumber and fat, fluffy hares dancing playfully in the snow bounding in every direction or birds in song singing to their own unique tune not unlike a grand orchestrate making wonderful music for all to hear. It is in the fresh paw prints in the snow and the curiosity it creates of whatRead MoreStaging Hamlet for a Modern Audience2295 Words   |  10 P agesAlthough a long play, it has a depth to it, that, if transferred to the stage well, is transformed from a long and winding script to a fascinating play filled with suspense and the emotions of the characters run high.nbsp; Hamlet, nonetheless is a challenging script and Hamlet himself can either create the play, or destroy it, he is the key element.nbsp; nbsp; To fascinate the audience from the outset you need to examine the setting that Shakespeare describes throughout the script.nbsp;Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 2150 Words   |  9 PagesHamlet gazes up at the sky and appreciates it, â€Å"this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o’erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appearth nothing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors† (Shakespeare II, ii, 299-303). In this line, Hamlet sees the sky as artwork that should be appreciated as something that is a blessing for us. The influence of the Renaissance is evident in this line. During the Renaissance, people looked at theRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pages07 1 THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert Murray, LL.D., D.Litt. Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford Fellow of the Academy New York Oxford University Press American Branch 35 West 32nd Street London : Humphrey Milford THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert MurrayRead More Alfred Lord Tennysons Maud; A Monodrama - Madness or Maud? Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pagesinevitable sorrow. Each moment creating a chain reaction. In Maud; A Monodrama, Alfred Lord Tennyson explores the journey of a man in the universal search for the perfect Garden of Eden. Originally titled Maud or Madness, he described the â€Å"little Hamlet† as the history of a morbid poetic soul† who is â€Å"the heir of madness, an egotist with the makings of a cynic† (Hill 214). In the throes of madness, the protagonist experiences the grandest emotional triumph and the lowest depths of despair. Each milestoneRead MoreThe Guilty Survivior2866 Words   |  12 Pagesthat sleep of death, what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. Theres the respect That makes Calamity of so long life. Hamlet Act III, scene I Prologue It was a cold winter afternoon. Snow seemed to take on the appearance of a blanket as it lay across the ground and trees. Glittering and dancing in the moonlight, the powder fell from the sky, ghosting across red tinted faces and shivering bodies. It was hypnotizing to watch the snow fall. It was the pictureRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pagessomething about the poetic emphasis and meaning. For some poets, however, this limited visual element is not enough. A few poets have interests in both literature and graphic art, but many have experimented with three methods of expanding poetic meaning through visual form. Typographical Analogies: Throughout history writers have underscored the content of their work by manipulating the way that words appear on their page. Capital letters convey urgency and loudness: STOP! HELP! COME HERE! Lower-case lettersRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesfamiliar bookish smell, the long, polished tables, and helpful librarians. Curiosity about the story inside a books attractive cover encouraged him to read at an early age. Langston loved to hold a book and examine the artists illustrations. Through adventures in books, he escaped his lonely, restricted life. Because the school for black children in Topeka was across town, Carrie enrolled Langston in first grade at the all-white Harrison Street School, which was within walking distance ofRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthird time of returning to his theme and gives exhaustive directions for the attraction of the planetary spirit by using a knowledge of the lordships of the planets. The fumes of the incense burnt in the incantation of the planet are to be passed through the middle of a hollow cross, explicit reasons being given for this. The chapter concludes with some general quotations from an unidentified source on the relations between planets and terrestrial souls (pp.192-97). Chapter 6 is devoted to the manifestation

Old Earth, Or Progressive Creationism - 1942 Words

Old earth, or progressive creationism shares similarities with theistic evolution in that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, they are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor acknowledges that it would be possible for God to use evolution as a creation tool, just as it is possible that God created solely through supernatural means. However, he thinks that there are too many unanswered questions left for both positions. It is from this conviction that Newman places himself in the progressive creationist camp. This view is named such because it sees creation as occurring in a progression with various levels which built upon one another, using a combination of supernatural intervention and providential guidance to harmonize the histories found in both the biblical account of Genesis and the scientific account we find in nature. Newman is quick to point out that there are many variations of the old earth creationist position. Of these, however, he finds three main varieties, which differ primarily in their views on the nature of the days of the creation week. These three categories are: (1) The day-age view. As implied by the title, this view considers the days to be chronological, but not 24-hour periods. Rather, they are long spans of time,Show MoreRelatedOld Earth, Or Progressive Creationism1966 Words   |  8 PagesAnother position is old earth, or progressive creationism, which does share some similarities with theistic evolution - primarily, that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, old earth creationists are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor, acknowledges that i t wouldRead MoreCreationism : Creationism And Creationism1193 Words   |  5 Pagesworld there are arguments on what is right and wrong when it comes to creationism. There are different ways to look at creationism. There’s young earth creationism, old earth creationism, intelligent design, and theistic creationism. The first known use of creationism was in 1880. In a washington post poll studies found that 58% of Americans believe in creationism, while 42% believe in evolution. Different types of creationism can have different effects on society today. It divides society onRead MoreThe Evolution Of Young Earth Creationism1698 Words   |  7 PagesYoung earth creationism is what most people mean when referring to â€Å"creationism.† This is primarily due to the fact that the creationists most visible in the public eye during the creation-evolution debate were most likely to hold young earth creationist views. Additionally, the terms â€Å"recent earth† or â€Å"recent creation† have been used to refer to this same position. These terms clearly define their position as one in which the creation of the world occurred somewhat recently, that is, the world isRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Creationism vs. Darwinism Abstract An analysis of creationism, and its various forms, is undertaken in order to determine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and hasRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the belief t hat statements such as â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (NIV) foundRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreThe And Evolution Between Creationism And Creationism1023 Words   |  5 Pageswith the opportunity to make their own decisions? According to the laws and court decisions as of today, it is highly unlikely that Creationism will be granted equal time in the biology classroom any time soon. The Ohio standards for science include evolution as a core component mandating that biology teachers incorporate natural selection and the history of life on earth as part of the curriculum. One strategy, presented by the National Center for Science Education is teaching the information and theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Earth2163 Words   |  9 PagesScientists have found that the Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. As gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps, it became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals. These objects collided repeatedly and gradually got bigger, building up the planets in the Solar System. Although scientists are very close to answering the question, they still continue to search for the exactRead MoreThe Debate Between Creation And Evolution2145 Words   |  9 Pagesyoung earth creationism simply because theistic evolution is not a viable option. Still more present young earth creationism as a naive understanding of both the Bible and science. However, since each position has evidence in support of it and against it, it is in no way true that any of them present us with an undeniable position of definite accuracy. Furthermore, the idea that there is only a choice between creation and evolution is false. Indeed, there are more positions than even creationism andRead MoreThe Effects Of Clinical Depression On An Individual s Dreaming1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbe discussing the Creation versus Evolution debate. The creation–evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs.evolution debate or the origins debate) involves a recurring cultural, political, and theological dispute about the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. Prior to 1925, Creation Science was the dominant belief system before the rise of geology in the late 18th century. Early European scientists, from Copernicus to Galileo to Newton believed (as did almost all Christians

Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs Free Essays

The Three Great American Cultures Central and South America is said to have been first discovered in the late fifteenth century; however, to say that the land before this time was unknown to all of humanity would be a fallacy and a great insult to the three great ancient cultures that ruled before their European conquest. The Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans were three distinct groups of people that thrived in the Americas prior to their â€Å"discovery† and all have a diversely rich background full of people, tradition, and culture. Recorded Aztecan history begins at the start of the twelfth century when the Aztec people first moved out in search of a new homeland. We will write a custom essay sample on Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1325 they founded their new home with the creation of Tenochtitlan, a large city which is now the location of common-day Mexico City. The life of the Aztec people was multifaceted – filled with school systems, laws, clothing fashions, and traditional food. They had different scholastic buildings in place for children depending on their economic and noble rank among the people. Noble children would attend a school called a calmecac that would teach them history, religion, and the ways to govern. Meanwhile, the common children could go to a telpochacalli where they would learn aspects of war and trade work, but if a child showed enough promise and intelligence he or she could be sent up to one of the calmecacs to prepare for a higher future career. Crime and punishment was a severe topic for Aztecs; the breaking of many of their laws resulted immediately in death, some of which included: adultery, treason, theft, drunkenness, and even cutting down a living tree. Interestingly as well, if a commoner were to wear cotton clothing (something reserved only for nobility) they too would be put to death. Nobles dressed most lavishly among their people, opting for the brightest colors, and often used bird feathers to make headdresses that indicate their high status. The staple food for the Aztecs was corn. They also ate tomatoes, avocadoes, and tamales. Aztecs ruled for hundreds of years up until their peak in 1502 under their ruler Moctezuma II. The Spanish first arrived in 1519 with the conquistador Hernando Cortez, and by 1522 all the Aztecs once celebrated in Tenochtitlan was destroyed. Toward the south during the same time as the Aztecan people, the Incas were also in their peak from 1200 until 1535. They lived in what is now Peru and Chile, and before their fall had massed the largest Native American society. Part of the reasoning behind why the Incas became such a large tribe comes from their dominance in battle and their desire to conquer the neighboring tribes. During their peak, the Incan army had over forty thousand troops, patrolling in their lands. Living in the Andes mountain range also made for some interesting architecture. The Incas made large fortresses on the sides of steep mountains in order to protect their people and also see enemies if they were attacking from afar. Arranged as they were on the sides of mountains, Incan cities lead themselves to be hierarchically and religiously symbolic. The tallest point of their cities were reserved for religious practices, often in adoration for their sun god Along with their buildings, the Incas had advanced drainage systems used for irrigation to grow many of the crops the Aztecs did such as tomatoes, corn, cocoa, and cotton. Sadly the Incans shared more with the Aztecs than just their mutual crops; in 1535 they too were conquered by Spanish forces. While the Aztecs and Incas had much in common, perhaps the most different of the three great American societies were the Mayans found in the southern tip of common day Mexico and Guatemala. Unlike their neighbors to the north and south, the Mayans did not govern its people under a single ruler. Instead, the Mayans were comprised of smaller local city-states that ruled independently of one another. Each had its own ruler that was believed to be a descendant of the gods. But while they were independently ruled, the city-states all shared a common written language, religious beliefs, and a calendar system. The Mayans are the only known Native American culture that developed a written language, of which there are four existing books along with countless murals and wall writings. Much like the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans practiced human sacrifices. Because they believed that their nobility were decedents of the gods, it was customary for a city-state’s ruler to partake in ritual bloodletting along with sacrificing rival neighboring nobles. They also followed their ritual calendar that was comprised of a thirteen month and twenty day cycle. It marked the passing of planets, stars, and allowed the people to know when the proper time was to plant and harvest. Perhaps these calendars helped them predict other things as well because unlike the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans were never conquered by Spain because of their mysterious disappearance around the sixteenth century. Works Cited The Ancient Aztecs. Think Quest. 1999. Web. 1 February 2010. Criscenzo, Jeeni. The Maya. Jaguar Sun. 2000. Web. 1 February 2010. Inca. Minnesota State University. Web. 1 February 2010. How to cite Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs, Papers

Progress in Artificial Intelligence Technique - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Progress in Artificial Intelligence Technique. Answer: Introduction Background The current globalized society has been facing tremendous change in the information technology and the internet. In this context, human interaction has been transformed by an implementation of artificial intelligence. The cognitive interfaces help in providing new platforms for interaction between machine and humans. These contain graphical user interfaces (GUIs) navigation system including hypertext and option selection buttons and menus (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). The Ubiquitous Computing focuses on effective human interaction with technological components including artificial intelligence. Chatterbot conversation includes an exchange of texts and languages including dealing with ambiguous situations context-based messages. However, chatterbots are used in various fields including entertaining others by making coherent conversation (Nilsson 2014). A machine learns from the algorithm feeder input for working. However, these algorithms cannot hold and understand of data concept. Therefore, a large amount of data and information cannot be input in the algorithm. This has created self-fulfilling strategies for communication among the robots. The literature review will present the concept of AIML and its different functionality. The use of pattern recognition techniques helps in creating the language for communicating with each other. This paper will focus on the development of the language for robots in order to perform chatting with other bots. This research will use a proper methodology for proceeding in the research. The use of Artificial Intelligence in this process will be researched in this study. The concept of the artificial intelligence in the South Africa will be discussed. The impact of the robots and other chatterbots on the economic, legal and business perspective in the country will be discussed. Rationale Modern information technology has been focusing on the artificial intelligence in the 21st century. However, the change in the methodology of the technology in the worked has allowed transforming various algorithms in the IT sector (Cohen and Feigenbaum 2014). The exponential growth of IT in the market has been focusing on the concept of the Artificial Intelligence. Robotics and other chatterbots have been created to decrease the human work. There has been a peaceful transition in the democratic of South Africa in 1994. The lack of education in the primary and secondary level have a major cause for obtaining the low score in the education sector. According to OECD 2008 review of national policies in South Africa (Navigli and Ponzetto 2012). However, 15% to 18% of school students are qualifying the school exams per year. Therefore, the literacy rate of the country has been continuously increasing (Hovy, Navigli and Ponzetto 2013). However, this rate is slower than other countries in t he world. The use of the technology in the studies have been less in the country. Therefore, students are not able to maintain the technical knowledge of the school. This has been created the problem in the literacy rate of the country. However, robotics has been provided in the country for the students, Robotic technology is being studied in the schools and colleges of the country. According to a survey, there has been a massive change in an enhancement of technical knowledge from 4% to 7% (Brodie, Mylopoulos and Schmidt 2012). As commented by Yang and Xu (2013), This total rose to around 1.5 million in 2014 and is projected to increase to about 1.9 million in 2017.5 Japan has the largest number with 306,700, followed by North America (237,400), China (182,300), South Korea (175,600), and Germany (175,200) (Geraci 2012). Overall, robotics is expected to rise from a $15 billion sector now to $67 billion by 2025. According to RBC Global Asset Management study, the cost of automation and robots have been falling down frequently. This has led to the increase in the development of robots all over the word (Brady, Gerhardt and Davidson 2012). Therefore, there is a risk of the robots start communication with each other by creating own language. However, increase in use of robots in the replace have increased the unemployment of human being in companies. Robots are replacing the human work in an efficient way. This research has focused on identifying the issues faced due to self-communication by the robots by creating their own language. The factors that are affecting the work pressure if the workplace in an organization is also mentioned. The language required for preparing algorithm has been discussed in the report. Problem Statement The primary problem discussed in the study will be the own communication of robots by developing language. Reports have identified various challenges are faced due to this problem. Therefore, this study will help in identifying challenges due to this approach of robots and other chatterbots. These have created the problem in maintenance of robots in the laboratory due to own communication of robots. Research Aim, Objectives and questions The aim of the research is to analyze language for communication between robots and other bots. The objectives of a research study are provided below: To analyze the basic concepts of robotics and artificial intelligence To understand the language created by robots for mutual communication To identify the challenges imposed due to communication of robots with each other in their own language To recommend strategies for mitigating these challenges in the robots Following are the research questions for the research: What are the basic concepts of robotics and artificial intelligence? How are the robots communicating with each other by creating own language? What are the challenges faced due to communication among robots by creating their own language? What can be done to mitigate these challenges related to communication among robots by creating own language? Significance of research This research study will focus on the concepts of artificial intelligence and its benefits and challenges in the industry. The concept of communicating of robots with each other by creating own language will be discussed in the research. The study aims at understanding various concepts of communication among each other by developing own language. Therefore, this framework might create challenges for the researchers in the field. These challenges will be identified in this study. The problem of own communication of robots will be depicted in the study. Summary This chapter has discussed the basic scenario of the artificial intelligence in the market in the context of South Africa. The aim of the research has been initiated in this chapter. The objectives and research questions have been provided in the chapter that helps in proceeding with the study. Literature Review Concept of Artificial Intelligence As commented by Yampolskiy (2013), artificial intelligence focuses on the work processes of machines requiring intelligence performed by humans. Therefore, artificial intelligence refers to investigating intelligent problem-solving behaviour by developing computer systems. However. This technology has been mostly in use by the researchers in the lab. The use of technology has been an important aspect in the development of new devices and artefacts. The Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAIR) is a group initiative of Statistics, Computer Science and School of mathematics unit for industrial growth in the market (Kanal and Kumar 2012). The current focus of the institute is to promote a concept of artificial intelligence and knowledge of computer engineering among individuals in the society. CAIR is mainly working on the development of artificial intelligence in the market. The computational models of human thought processes have helped in communicating with the artefacts. Ho wever, Nolfi, Bongard, Husbands and Floreano (2013) commented that artificial intelligence is an implementation of human thoughts on the computer. The use of artificial intelligence has helped in maintaining a keen relationship with machines and human beings. Chatterbots and pattern recognition As commented by Ginsberg (2012), various tests have been done to acknowledge between human and machine. Modern technology has created various clones similar to the human beings. These b0ts can perform all works similar to the human beings including daily routine work. These bots are efficient to perform daily duties including washing, cooking, caring and other duties of the human being. Therefore, Turing test has been performed on these machines for distinguishing between them. Therefore, this test is recognized as a chatterbot itself. Frankish and Ramsey (2014) defined chatter bot as a program that helps in stimulating typed conversation for aiming at least fooling human beings temporarily during the conversation with another person. Chatterbots can be classified in the form of techniques that are used in the development of various devices. For example, during the 90's, the second-generation chatterbots were built and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques were applied, such as Artificial Neural Networks in conjunction with NLP techniques (Ingrand and Ghallab 2014). JULIA chatterbot is an example of a second-generation chatterbot developed by Michael Mauldin in 1994 (Deisenroth, Neumann and Peters 2013). However, the development of the third-generation uses the Pattern Recognition Techniques. The motivation for using the AIML language has been dining in the pattern recognition system (Kober and Peters 2012). The features of the AIML language implemented in developing chatter bot include ease of implementation of AIML language based on markup language for making easy use of dialogues written in the code. Various computational systems help developers in developing chatterbots for web deployment user access. However, a high level of recycling process has been done in the chatterbots projects for developing open source software license. Pattern Recognition for Chatter bots modelling Various theories and models are used for the development of chatterbots include Pattern recognition, that aims at modelling computing system which is based on human dialogues. The use of AIML languages helps in providing different chatter bits that can adopt pattern recognition technique. Zang et al. (2015) commented that ALICE was the first chatterbot that was developed by using AIML language. It has three operations including performing word processing actions for fitting input by a user, the pattern is matched between input provided by user and input provided by a designer (Szegedy et al. 2017). Therefore, the pattern recognition system has been installed in the chatterbots that help in recognizing different patterns in the daily life. It helps in providing various work in the daily life including road crossing and walking. The patterns are matched with the database of the robot and accordingly, it works. Big data and artificial intelligence have been maintaining a bi-directional relationship with each other. As commented by Tirgul and Naik (2016), Artificial intelligence requires machine learning, which requires a large amount of data. A protocol will be developed for communicating among the robots. Each robot will send the request to another robot for initiating communication. In the presence of another homogeneous robot, it accepts the request and starts communicating with each other. The robots will send their personal information for connecting with other robots (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). The other robots will acknowledge it by sending a message to the sender robot. Therefore, this will create a connection between them to initiate communication. In this process, the header part of the message is stored in the robot that helps in acknowledging back about the received message. However, some messag e is not delivered to the receiver robot that creates the problem in communicating with the robot (Bongard 2013). The IR radiation will be used in order to maintain the communication among robots. Robots will transmit same infrared rays in case of either correct or incorrect messages received. Therefore, it becomes difficult of differentiating the signals transmitted from robot (Pfeifer, Lungarella and Iida 2012). The first phase will be IR transmission. IR transmitter will be attached in each of the robots that might help in transmitting IR rays for initiating communication. The use of the AIML language has helped in developing chatter bits and robots. The IR receiver will receive the infrared rays coming from another robot. After receiving infrared rays, it will match with the data and information resent in the database (Pedrycz 2012). In the case that the data matches with the database, the communication process will start between robots. In the case, data does not matches; the robot will compare the received data with stored data in the database. If it matches with another homogenous robot, the communication starts otherwise it fails. Advantages of robots The development of the robotics technology has been facilitated in various applications in the market. Robots have helped in maintaining different work in the market. The use of the robots has been circulated in various fields including machinery, IT sector and construction sector. The use of the robots has been incread4sed in the market (Ingrand and Ghallab 2014). This technology has decreased the human work pressure in various industries. The use of robots has been facilitated in order to increase production in the industries. Increased efficiency As commented by Brambilla et al. (2013), industrial robots are capable of completing heavy tasks in the industry work environment better than human employee completes. However, robots are capable of performing tasks with higher accuracy level than human beings. This has significantly drawn the attention of organizations for developing robots rather hire a human employee (Bennett and Hauser 2013). Robots are capable of increasing production of industries with a high speed. The work rate of the robot re faster than that of the human being. Higher quality Robots are able to provide the higher quality task to the company. The error rate of the robots is negligible in comparison to that of human work. Robots help in minimizing the human error rate in the industry (Springer 2013). The use of robots produces high-quality products with respect to their standard quality. It also minimizes the time required for completing a task. Longer working hours A human employee has to take breaks for getting rest from work. This creates the distraction from their work and their pace of work minimizes. However, in the case of robots, it can work for 24/7 with 100 % efficiency, therefore, this help in increasing the efficiency and production in the industry. Robots do not take any holiday or having unexpected off for sick (Elkady and Sobh 2012). Increased profitability Robots are capable of increasing the production in an industry. Therefore, this increases the sales of the company and profitability. The supply of the products for customers has been increased that have helped in increasing the sales of the company. Robots help in increasing the profitability of the company in the market. Issues faced due to communication among robots by creating their own language There are various problems faced by different companies due to AI chatter bots developing own language in order to communicate with each other. This problem has been faced by several companies all over the world including Facebook. Several times AI chatterbot of Facebook has been automatically responding to the client within any input data. Therefore, chatter bits are capable of creating their own language might be using AIML language. The use of the AIML language has been creating interest in developing chatterbots. As argued by (), AIML language has made easy for chatter buts to create their own language for self-communication. Big data and artificial intelligence have been maintaining a bi-directional relationship with each other. Artificial intelligence requires machine learning, which requires a large amount of data. The motivation for using the AIML language has been dining in the pattern recognition system. The use of the robotic technology in the organization have decreed the employee of the human labours. The employment if the human being is being replaced by the robots and chatter bits, Therefore, the unemployment ratio if the country has been increasing with the time. Robots are able to provide work in the fashioned way that includes minimal errors with respect to that of human workers. Different artificial intelligence techniques have failed in maintaining big data process. The prediction based on an artificial intelligence algorithm has been created in order to maintain a machined logic behind expressible terms of human beings (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). A machine learns from the algorithm feeder input for working. However, these algorithms cannot hold and understand of data concept. Therefore, a large amount of data and information cannot be input in the algorithm. This has created self-fulfilling strategies for communication among the robots. As argued by (), machine learning can be used for processing big data by using DPA. Therefore, an analysis is done in order to enhance machine learning for processing their own algorithm for self-communication. However, the use of algorithms by robots create risks for the researcher by communication with their own. This might lead to losing in control of the robots and chatterbots. The features of the AIML lan guage implemented in developing chatter bot include ease of implementation of AIML language based on markup language for making easy use of dialogues written in the code (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell 2013). The use of robots is done in a various organization in order to minimize the human work in the working place. Summary This can be summarized that the use of the AIML language is required in developing chatterbots. A basic concept of artificial intelligence has been provided in the chapter. The benefits and limitations of the robots in the industry have been depicted in the chapter. The issues due to communication among robots by creating own language have been provided. Methodology Introduction The research has followed a proper methodology in order to complete the project. The design of the research has been based on the technical background of the robotics technology. This chapter discusses the main methodological concept that will be used in this research. The steps to be followed for conducting the research are listed in this chapter. The research methodology helps in maintaining a proper path for following in the research. Research methodology includes philosophy, approach, design, data collection method, limitations and ethical consideration. Some theories and models related to the artificial interference have been taken for the data collection process. Research methodology has helped in maintaining the Research philosophy Research philosophy helps in providing dimension and knowledge of the research. It provides concepts and facts in order to conduct the research. In addition, the proper steps that will be considered while conducting this research will be adopted from this philosophy section of the paper. Three types of philosophy are positivism, interpretivism and realism. Post-positivism philosophy deals with cross-checking specific data for the research. The philosophy focuses on the previous study of the research and the findings (Nolfi, Bongard, Husbands and Floreano 2013). Interpretivism philosophy helps in providing the complex structure of the research. Interpretivism deals with the interpretative study of the research topic. Lastly, the realism philosophy is utilized for considering the real-valued data. The artificial intelligence used in the robotics technology might help in maintaining the research methodology. Communication among the robots might be possible with the help of creating thei r own language. The authenticity of the human convictions and machine learning can be combined to create the positivist philosophy. It deals with the scientific approach towards the maintenance of the research methodology. This research will select positivism philosophy for completing the research. The research will be based on the theoretical and practical perspective. The selected philosophy will help in providing advanced thinking to the research. Positivism philosophy restricts the specialist's part in controlling or assessing the information that prompts minimisation of information errors also. The use of positivism philosophy also helps in connecting the various settings among the aspects which in turn leads to better analysis of the information such that the analysis regarding artificial intelligence can be made efficiently. Research Approach The approach, which is utilized for conducting the research, is termed as the research approach. This helps in providing a structural framework, which is to be followed for conducting the research on artificial intelligence or robotics. The two types of research approach are inductive and deductive approach. Deductive approach focuses on analyzing previous theories and models related to the research. As commented by Magilvy and Thomas, (2012), inductive research approach focus on producing new theories. However, the deductive approach helps in conducting research methodology in a proper manner. Inductive research approach of a study helps in contemplating enough information is not possible. The use of the inductive research approach might not be able to maintaining the reliability of the data and information collected for the research. This research will select deductive approach that help selecting particular methods for the research. The deductive approach helps in maintaining the existing theories and models and collect data from them. However, the deductive approach deals with the adequate knowledge of the research. The present study focuses on the artificial intelligence in order to create a language for a robot to communicate with themselves. The deductive approach will help in deducting all the information that will not be useful for the research. The different components if the robotic technology will be analyzed in the study. Research design The research design focuses on the strategy perceived in order to collect data and information from various sources. The use of research design ensures research problem and map the solution according to it. Informative exploration design helps in creating new theories and models for the collecting data and information related to the research topic including artificial intelligence. It helps in building a framework for proceeding in the research activity. The three types of research design are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive design (Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. 2011). Descriptive research design assists as an observational study that is helpful to find out specific characteristics of population as well as their effects on the variables. Exploratory design help s in recognizing several types of thoughts and considerations in order to finish research study. Similarly, the explanatory research design involves conducting a research while considering various parameters associated to the use of artificial intelligence by the robots in a detailed manner. The researcher has chosen descriptive research design that would be helpful to conduct the research. This research will select descriptive research design as it helps in conduction of the research with methods that are more descriptive by putting detailed information (Geraci 2012). The descriptive design help in providing a complete picture of the whole research methods used. Descriptive design helps in maintaining the longitudinal study of the artificial intelligence in the robotic technology. Data Collection Technique Data collection method is an important aspect for the research methodology. There are two types of data collection method including primary and secondary method. The data collection method helps in providing a proper method for the data collection process in the research. In this research, data and information will be collected from secondary sources including online journals, books, articles, reports and governmental databases. The use of the secondary method will help in providing data and information for the research. Primary data are collected from online survey. Ethical consideration The research will follow all the ethical values and norms in completing the research. The research will access all knowledge related to the robotic technology. Data and information for the research topic will be ethically accessed from online journals and books. The journals will be of published version and after year 2012. The online journals and books will be related to artificial intelligence and robotic technology (Geraci 2012). The access to the government databases has been done legally with proper permission. The results and outcomes of the research will not be published before the completion of the research. The research will follow the Data Protection Act 1998 in order to keep personal data and information secret from others. Research Limitations A research helps in providing proper results and knowledge related to the concerned topic. However, some limitations are faced by a research. In this case, the research will also face some difficulties in the data collection process. Online journals and books might not be available for the researcher. There might be some journals in paid version that cannot be purchased by the researcher due to lack of budget. The language of the journals and books might not be understood by the researcher that will create limitations for the research. Many journals will not be similar t the research topic. The researcher might have a time limitation due t the cross-sectional nature of the research. However, deep analysis of the research will not be done due to unavailability of time for research. Gant chart Milestones in the Research 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4thWeek 5thWeek 6thWeek 7thWeek Selection of the Topic Collection of Data from secondary sources Preparing the layout Review of Literature Developing plan for the research Selecting appropriate techniques for research Collection of Primary data Data Analysis Interpretation Findings and Discussion Conclusion to the study Preparing Rough Draft Completion of Final Work Figure 3: Gantt Chart (Source: Created by Author) References Bench-Capon, T.J., 2014.Knowledge representation: an approach to artificial intelligence(Vol. 32). Elsevier. Bennett, C.C. and Hauser, K., 2013. Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach.Artificial intelligence in medicine,57(1), pp.9-19. Bongard, J.C., 2013. Evolutionary robotics.Communications of the ACM,56(8), pp.74-83. Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E., 2014. The ethics of artificial intelligence.The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence, pp.316-334. Brady, M., Gerhardt, L.A. and Davidson, H.F. eds., 2012.Robotics and artificial intelligence(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Brambilla, M., Ferrante, E., Birattari, M. and Dorigo, M., 2013. Swarm robotics: a review from the swarm engineering perspective.Swarm Intelligence,7(1), pp.1-41. Brodie, M.L., Mylopoulos, J. and Schmidt, J.W. eds., 2012.On conceptual modelling: Perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases, and programming languages. Springer Science Business Media. Cohen, P.R. and Feigenbaum, E.A. eds., 2014.The handbook of artificial intelligence(Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Deisenroth, M.P., Neumann, G. and Peters, J., 2013. A survey on policy search for robotics.Foundations and Trends in Robotics,2(12), pp.1-142. Dirican, C., 2015. The impacts of robotics, artificial intelligence on business and economics.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,195, pp.564-573. Du, S., Guo, Y., Sanroma, G., Ni, D., Wu, G. and Shen, D., 2015. Building dynamic population graph for accurate correspondence detection.Medical image analysis,26(1), pp.256-267. Elkady, A. and Sobh, T., 2012. Robotics middleware: A comprehensive literature survey and attribute-based bibliography.Journal of Robotics,2012. Frankish, K. and Ramsey, W.M. eds., 2014.The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence. Cambridge University Press. Faces Online. (2018). A Robot Tax: Fair Measure Or Unnecessary Hindrance? - Faces Online. [online] Available at: https://faces-online.nl/en/robot-tax-fair-measure-unnecessary-hindrance/ [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018]. Geffner, H. and Bonet, B., 2013. A concise introduction to models and methods for automated planning.Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning,8(1), pp.1-141. Geraci, R.M., 2012.Apocalyptic AI: Visions of heaven in robotics, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. Oxford University Press. Ghahramani, Z., 2015. Probabilistic machine learning and artificial intelligence.Nature,521(7553), p.452. Gigras, Y. and Gupta, K., 2012. Artificial intelligence in robot path planning.International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN, pp.2231-2307. Ginsberg, M., 2012.Essentials of artificial intelligence. Newnes. Hovy, E., Navigli, R. and Ponzetto, S.P., 2013. Collaboratively built semi-structured content and Artificial Intelligence: The story so far.Artificial Intelligence,194, pp.2-27. Ingrand, F. and Ghallab, M., 2014. Robotics and artificial intelligence: A perspective on deliberation functions.AI Communications,27(1), pp.63-80. Kanal, L. and Kumar, V. eds., 2012.Search in artificial intelligence. Springer Science Business Media. Kober, J. and Peters, J., 2012. Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey. InReinforcement Learning(pp. 579-610). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Marietto, M.D.G.B., de Aguiar, R.V., Barbosa, G.D.O., Botelho, W.T., Pimentel, E., Frana, R.D.S. and da Silva, V.L., 2013. Artificial intelligence markup language: A brief tutorial. arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.3091. Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J.G. and Mitchell, T.M. eds., 2013.Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science Business Media. Navigli, R. and Ponzetto, S.P., 2012. BabelNet: The automatic construction, evaluation and application of a wide-coverage multilingual semantic network.Artificial Intelligence,193, pp.217-250. Nilsson, N.J., 2014.Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Nolfi, S., Bongard, J.C., Husbands, P. and Floreano, D., 2016. Evolutionary Robotics. Pedrycz, W. ed., 2012.Fuzzy modelling: paradigms and practice(Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media. Pfeifer, R., Lungarella, M. and Iida, F., 2012. The challenges ahead for bio-inspired'soft'robotics.Communications of the ACM,55(11), pp.76-87. Springer, P.J., 2013.Military robots and drones: a reference handbook. ABC-CLIO. Sutikno, T., Facta, M. and Markadeh, G.A., 2013. Progress in Artificial Intelligence Techniques: from Brain to Emotion.TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control),9(2), pp.201-202. Szegedy, C., Ioffe, S., Vanhoucke, V. and Alemi, A.A., 2017, February. Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. InAAAI(Vol. 4, p. 12). Tirgul, C.S. and Naik, M.R., 2016. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology,5(6), pp.1787-1793. Yampolskiy, R.V., 2013. Artificial intelligence safety engineering: Why machine ethics is a wrong approach. InPhilosophy and theory of artificial intelligence(pp. 389-396). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Yang, J.B. and Xu, D.L., 2013. Evidential reasoning rule for evidence combination.Artificial Intelligence,205, pp.1-29. Zang, Y., Zhang, F., Di, C.A. and Zhu, D., 2015. Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward artificial intelligence and health care applications.Materials Horizons,2(2), pp.140-156.